{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T10:23:32Z","timestamp":1777717412214,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["168180\/2022-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["168180\/2022-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004612","name":"Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CP 19\/2022\u2014Jovens Doutores"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CP 19\/2022\u2014Jovens Doutores"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004612","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coloured and variegated leaves are common in shade-tolerant ornamentals. However, it remains unclear whether their photosynthetic performance is determined mainly by pigment abundance or by the organisation of chloroplasts and thylakoids. We tested this in three Epipremnum aureum phenotypes (\u2018Neon\u2019, \u2018Golden\u2019 and \u2018Jade\u2019) that share a genetic background but contrast in leaf colour, chloroplast density and thylakoid membrane abundance. Plants were grown in a greenhouse and assessed by hyperspectral and thermal imaging, infrared gas exchange analysis, chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements, and structural, ultrastructural and biochemical analyses. Traits were integrated by principal component analysis, with the quantum yield of CO2 assimilation per absorbed photon (\u03b1CO2,abs) as the response variable. \u2018Neon\u2019 leaves had high specific leaf area and approximately 55% lower maximum Rubisco carboxylation (VcMAX) and electron transport capacity (JMAX) than \u2018Jade\u2019, as well as reduced chloroplast and thylakoid abundance and warmer canopies, despite carotenoid enrichment. JIP-test parameters and fluorescence light\u2013response curves showed high absorption and dissipation per PSII reaction centre, elevated excitation pressure, modest non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), low \u03b1CO2,abs, small carbohydrate pools and low intrinsic water-use efficiency. \u2018Jade\u2019 leaves developed thick mesophyll with dense chloroplast populations, extensive thylakoid networks, highest NPQ, cool canopies and large carbohydrate reserves, whereas \u2018Golden\u2019 leaves combined thin laminae and intermediate chloroplast\u2013thylakoid organisation with early light saturation of CO2 assimilation and the highest intrinsic water-use efficiency. Principal component analysis revealed a structural axis of chloroplast and thylakoid organisation that better predicted \u03b1CO2,abs, net carbon gain and canopy temperature than pigment abundance. In variegated E. aureum, \u2018photon economy\u2019 is therefore governed primarily by chloroplast and thylakoid membrane organisation and abundance rather than by carotenoid accumulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15060514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T15:06:22Z","timestamp":1773414382000},"page":"514","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Chloroplast\u2013Thylakoid Organisation Is More Important than Carotenoid Accumulation for Optimum Photosynthetic Quantum Yield and Carbon Gain in Variegated Epipremnum aureum"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2343-5045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renan","family":"Falcioni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Agronomy, State University of Maring\u00e1, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8430-2791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Werner Camargos","family":"Antunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Agronomy, State University of Maring\u00e1, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1631-3709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo Luiz","family":"Chicati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Agronomy, State University of Maring\u00e1, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5328-0323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Alexandre M.","family":"Dematt\u00ea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Soil Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. P\u00e1dua Dias, 11, Piracicaba 13418-260, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4854-2661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcos Rafael","family":"Nanni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Agronomy, State University of Maring\u00e1, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s12298-024-01427-8","article-title":"Regulation of chloroplast biogenesis, development, and signaling by endogenous and exogenous cues","volume":"30","author":"Mahapatra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Physiol. Mol. Biol. 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