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In addition to stem cell-driven neurogenesis in adult neurogenic niches (adult neurogenesis), neuronal precursors in a state of arrested maturation have also been described, representing a form of neurogenesis without division based on so-called \u201cimmature\u201d or late-maturing neurons. These processes occur in different brain regions yet share certain molecular markers and temporal windows. Recent advances in comparative neuroplasticity have further complicated our understanding. Studies reveal a reduction in adult neurogenesis in the olfactory bulb and hippocampus of large-brained, gyrencephalic mammals compared with small-brained species such as rodents. Conversely, a higher prevalence of immature neurons has been reported in the neocortex and amygdala of larger-brained mammals. It is becoming evident that evolutionary trade-offs took place in distinct plastic processes, resulting in the predominance of certain forms in particular species, while others coexist and share overlapping markers. Regardless of the approach employed (neuroanatomical, immunocytochemical, phylogenetic, or transcriptional), current evidence indicates substantial heterogeneity in cell types with different origins and fates across diverse mammalian species. These patterns appear to be sculpted by evolutionary pressures yet unified by shared transient maturational states.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15060520","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T17:36:48Z","timestamp":1773423408000},"page":"520","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Mixed Signals and Interspecies Variation in the Plasticity of Adult Mammal Brains"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1913-2466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessia","family":"Pattaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, 10043 Orbassano, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0296-8280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Ghibaudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, 10043 Orbassano, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3424-3113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Zanone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, 10043 Orbassano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0029-485X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Cerrato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, 10043 Orbassano, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6711-449X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chet C.","family":"Sherwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology and Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1469-8898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Bonfanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, 10043 Orbassano, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2016.07.007","article-title":"Cerebral Plasticity: Windows of Opportunity in the Developing Brain","volume":"21","author":"Ismail","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. 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