{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T15:43:19Z","timestamp":1785426199700,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015992","name":"Amol University of Special Modern Technologies","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015992","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02twggb97","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Heidelberg, Germany","award":["1404.12.03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1404.12.03"]}]},{"award":["1404.12.03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1404.12.03"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/038t36y30","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies among men and remains a major clinical challenge due to the complex tumor microenvironment. Understanding gene expression dynamics at both cellular and spatial levels is essential for improving therapeutic strategies. In this study, we performed an integrated multi-omics analysis using single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics. scRNA-seq data from 15 prostate samples, including 8 normal and 7 tumor tissues, were analyzed to characterize distinct cellular populations. Spatial transcriptomic profiling was conducted on three FFPE prostate tissue sections, including adjacent normal tissue, acinar cell carcinoma, and invasive adenocarcinoma, using the standard 10x Genomics Visium FFPE platform (55 \u00b5m capture spots). Single-cell analysis revealed heterogeneity among epithelial, stromal, and immune cell populations, highlighting complex signaling networks in which myeloid cells may contribute to tumor progression through immune suppression and epithelial adaptability. Spatial transcriptomic analysis further identified region-specific expression patterns and spatially restricted tumor niches, including the regional establishment of TXNIP and BIRC3 as genes associated with metabolic stress and inflammatory survival pathways. The spatial colocalization of BIRC3 with tumor vasculature in invasive carcinoma tissue suggests a novel interaction. Our discoveries using an integrated single-cell and spatial transcriptomic approach reveal a high-resolution molecular map of prostate cancer with spatial features that may provide further therapeutic investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15070647","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T15:14:43Z","timestamp":1775142883000},"page":"647","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Single-Cell and Spatial Transcriptomics Reveal That TXNIP and BIRC3 Contribute to Human Prostate Tumor Progression"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7060-2619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed Taleb","family":"Hosseini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunogenetics Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 48471-91971, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Biology, QaS.C., Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr 61964-47651, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8246-595X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hossein","family":"Azizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stem Cells and Cancer, College of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol 46166-86767, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4813-1213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Skutella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 307, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2025","volume":"75","author":"Siegel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ca"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"229","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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