{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T19:15:50Z","timestamp":1792178150177,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Florida"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03zzw1w08","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-EVs) exhibit great therapeutic potential in ischemia-associated conditions and diseases such as myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and wound healing. Enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of MSC-EVs could advance their clinical application. Diverse cargos (proteins, mRNA, microRNA, etc.) in MSC-EVs contribute to the therapeutic effects in various diseases. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the primary driving molecules in promoting angiogenesis and protecting endothelial cells lining blood vessels from apoptosis. In this study, we explored the feasibility of engineering parent MSCs with VEGF mRNA to potentiate therapeutic effects of their derived EVs. We first detected elevated levels of VEGF mRNA and protein in transfected MSCs and demonstrated the bioactivity of secreted VEGF by an angiogenesis assay. Furthermore, EVs derived from VEGF mRNA-engineered MSCs (VEGF-MSC-EVs) contained high levels of VEGF mRNA and protein and showed superior ability to protect human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) from apoptosis compared to EVs derived from control MSCs (control MSC-EVs). To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that VEGF-MSC-EVs boost therapeutic efficacy by promoting endothelial cell survival. Our findings offer a novel approach for cell-free therapy in ischemia-associated conditions and diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15080717","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T12:01:22Z","timestamp":1776686482000},"page":"717","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Extracellular Vesicles Derived from VEGF mRNA-Engineered Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Endothelial Cell Survival"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0409-1232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cuiping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0168-7644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Pak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2679-721X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Korchak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4827-4740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abba C.","family":"Zubair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e26631","DOI":"10.4161\/cib.26631","article-title":"Stem cell therapy without the cells","volume":"6","author":"Maguire","year":"2013","journal-title":"Commun. 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