{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T14:44:58Z","timestamp":1785422698929,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FOCUS: Training and Guidance for UMFST Researchers in Health","award":["SMIS 350717"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SMIS 350717"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PS\/688\/PS_P3\/OP4\/ESO4.7\/PS_P3_ESO4.7_A6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PS\/688\/PS_P3\/OP4\/ESO4.7\/PS_P3_ESO4.7_A6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["PS\/688\/PS_P3\/OP4\/ESO4.7\/PS_P3_ESO4.7_A6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PS\/688\/PS_P3\/OP4\/ESO4.7\/PS_P3_ESO4.7_A6"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/019w4f821","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide, with most cases diagnosed at advanced stages. Conventional tissue biopsy is invasive, and low-dose CT (LDCT) screening\u2014although effective\u2014faces practical and logistical limitations. Liquid biopsy has emerged as a minimally invasive approach to capture tumor-derived material, including circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), cells, and extracellular vesicles (EVs). Among EVs, exosomes and their microRNA (miRNA) cargo offer a stable, disease-specific signal. Airway-proximal fluids such as bronchial aspirate and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) are in direct contact with the tumor microenvironment and may contain higher concentrations of tumor-derived exosomal miRNAs compared with blood. This review synthesizes the limited but promising evidence for exosomal miRNAs in bronchial aspirate and BALF as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in lung cancer, examines methodological and standardization challenges, and discusses potential integration into clinical workflows, with particular emphasis on Romania\u2019s lung cancer epidemiology and healthcare context. While only two primary studies in the last five years have explored BALF exosomal miRNAs, these data justify further multicenter investigations aligned with MISEV2023 guidelines. Integrating airway-proximal exosomal miRNA analysis into bronchoscopy procedures could enhance diagnostic precision in resource-limited health systems and support the transition towards personalized thoracic oncology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15080731","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T12:01:22Z","timestamp":1776686482000},"page":"731","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exosomal microRNAs in Bronchial Aspirate and Other Liquid Biopsy Specimens for Lung Cancer: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives\u2014A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0882-870X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Drago\u0219","family":"Hu\u021banu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, 540139 T\u00e2rgu Mures, Romania"},{"name":"Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, 540139 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"},{"name":"Pulmonology Clinic, Mure\u0219 County Clinical Hospital, 540011 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1695-6990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mara Andreea","family":"Vultur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, 540139 T\u00e2rgu Mures, Romania"},{"name":"Pulmonology Clinic, Mure\u0219 County Clinical Hospital, 540011 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7785-0121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corina Eugenia","family":"Budin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathophysiology Department, \u201cGeorge Emil Palade\u201d University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, 540139 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7504-2933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dumitru C\u0103t\u0103lin","family":"S\u00e2rbu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Clinic, Mure\u0219 County Clinical Hospital, 540011 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7910-0123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Beatrice","family":"Iano\u0219i","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Clinic, Mure\u0219 County Clinical Hospital, 540011 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3558-2856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edith Simona","family":"Iano\u0219i","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, 540139 T\u00e2rgu Mures, Romania"},{"name":"Pulmonology Clinic, Mure\u0219 County Clinical Hospital, 540011 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9di Katalin","family":"S\u00e1rk\u00f6zi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, 540139 T\u00e2rgu Mures, Romania"},{"name":"Pulmonology Clinic, Mure\u0219 County Clinical Hospital, 540011 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1990-6767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela","family":"Jimborean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, 540139 T\u00e2rgu Mures, Romania"},{"name":"Pulmonology Clinic, Mure\u0219 County Clinical Hospital, 540011 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"229","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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