{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T18:59:33Z","timestamp":1793473173590,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Peri-implant marginal bone stability remains a major determinant of long-term implant success, yet clinical studies report early marginal bone changes ranging from near-stable conditions in some protocols to approximately 1\u20132 mm during the first year in more traditional series, underscoring considerable biological variability. In the present review, a remodeling-dominant state refers to turnover-led peri-implant adaptation with limited net cortical gain, whereas modeling-driven apposition refers to uncoupled surface bone addition and cortical reinforcement. We conducted a structured narrative review of PubMed\/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science for literature published between 2000 and February 2026 and qualitatively synthesized direct peri-implant evidence, craniofacial\/oral non-implant evidence, and extrapolative mechanobiology from long-bone and systemic models. The available literature supports osteocyte-centered SOST\/Wnt regulation as biologically plausible for peri-implant cortical adaptation; however, direct human peri-implant molecular validation remains limited. Based on this synthesis, we propose a hypothesis-generating framework in which mechanical signal profile, microenvironmental stability, and host-related factors influence the probability of transition from a remodeling-dominant to a modeling-dominant peri-implant state. This framework should therefore be interpreted as a testable conceptual model rather than a validated peri-implant mechanism. Its main value lies in organizing current evidence and defining priorities for translational studies that integrate molecular, imaging, and biomechanical endpoints.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15090748","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T13:44:33Z","timestamp":1776865473000},"page":"748","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Osteocyte Mechanobiology in Peri-Implant Bone Adaptation: A Narrative Review and Hypothesis-Generating Framework for SOST\/Wnt-Linked Cortical Stability"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5281-0940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Ewa","family":"Kuc","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentofacial Orthopedics and Orthodontics, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4326-8907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Sulewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontal and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 13, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4668-0257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Hajduk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair and Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Witolda Chod\u017aki 6 Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulina","family":"Kuc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Medical University in Bialystok, ul. Kili\u0144skiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Kuc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Medical University in Bialystok, ul. Kili\u0144skiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Lis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentofacial Orthopedics and Orthodontics, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3284-7893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beata","family":"Kawala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentofacial Orthopedics and Orthodontics, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2518-0007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Sarul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9785(81)80077-4","article-title":"A 15-Year Study of Osseointegrated Implants in the Treatment of the Edentulous Jaw","volume":"10","author":"Adell","year":"1981","journal-title":"Int. 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