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The BBB is highly restrictive, making MBM difficult to treat. Challenges in MBM treatment are evident in adverse therapeutic effects, such as neurocognitive decline with whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT), increased risk of radiation necrosis with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), and reduced penetration into the brain, which can lead to drug resistance with prolonged use of MAPK inhibitors. This review investigates current and novel treatments against MBM, including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapies such as BRAF\/MAPK inhibitors, and immunotherapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15090758","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T17:26:18Z","timestamp":1777051578000},"page":"758","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Thoughts and Therapies: Melanoma Brain Metastases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3719-1847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chaitanya","family":"Sanghadia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milena","family":"Nicosia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Castelino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Talwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Safwan","family":"Kazmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikas","family":"Prabhakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Lobato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8854-6583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Czerkas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary","family":"Rundell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4558-7807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaan","family":"Bhullar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3202-3949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hunter","family":"Hutchinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6577-4080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brandon","family":"Lucke-Wold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15003","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.3","article-title":"Melanoma","volume":"1","author":"Schadendorf","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. 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