{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T10:30:18Z","timestamp":1785407418560,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":243,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2019YFE0117100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFE0117100"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82104603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82104603"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["82104603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82104603"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Stem cell therapy, as a potential treatment for Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), has been investigated in many clinical trials for its effectiveness. However, the therapeutic outcomes have shown considerable variability. This may be due to certain limitations of stem cell therapies, such as the inability to ameliorate non-motor symptoms or modify underlying disease mechanisms, and the limited applicability in certain patient populations. Combinations with the recently emerging gene therapy and other available technologies are expected to make up for or break down these limitations of stem cell therapy, thereby broadening its scope of application. In this review, we will discuss the limitations of stem cell therapy in terms of pathogenesis, symptoms, and population, as well as possible coping strategies to enhance the effectiveness of stem cell therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15090839","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T02:06:21Z","timestamp":1777860381000},"page":"839","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Limitations of Stem Cell Therapy for Parkinson\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Zhuowei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University First School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shijun","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People\u2019s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7601-5773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jia","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People\u2019s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People\u2019s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01419-8","article-title":"The Epidemiology of Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"403","author":"Darweesh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo, Y., Qiao, L., Li, M., Wen, X., Zhang, W., and Li, X. 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