{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T15:22:16Z","timestamp":1785424936907,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007123","name":"Stanley Medical Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["907067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["907067"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007123","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["907067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["907067"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01pj5nn22","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that infects virtually all warm-blooded animals, progressing through acute and chronic stages. The Akt\/mTOR signaling axis plays critical roles in cell survival, proliferation, and metabolism, making it a key target for intracellular pathogens. This study investigated how T. gondii infection modulates this pathway during both infections. Outbred CD-1 mice were infected intraperitoneally with the virulent GT1 strain of T. gondii. Mice for acute studies were sacrificed five days post-infection, while those for chronic studies were treated with sulfadiazine and sacrificed five months post-infection. Phosphoprotein expression of eight Akt\/mTOR pathway components was measured in liver tissues using a multiplexed bead-based immunoassay. Acute T. gondii infection caused broad suppression of Akt\/mTOR signaling, with 6 of 8 markers significantly downregulated, including pS6RPSer235\/236, pAKTS473, pBADSer136, pIRS1S636\/639, pPTENSer380, and pGSK-3\u03b1\/\u03b2Ser21\/9. In contrast, chronic infection related to cyst burden selectively activates specific nodes of the pathway, including pBADSer136, pmTORSer2448, and pGSK-3\u03b1\/\u03b2Ser21\/9. Infection induced strong correlations between inter-components, which reflect coherent and coordinated pathway-level reprogramming rather than random perturbation. These findings show that acute and chronic T. gondii infections have opposing effects on host Akt\/mTOR signaling for their own benefit, which may present new therapeutic targets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15100893","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T06:42:18Z","timestamp":1779691338000},"page":"893","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Differential Modulation of Hepatic Akt\/mTOR Signaling During Acute and Chronic Toxoplasma gondii Infection in a Murine Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7463-6122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianchun","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(98)00023-X","article-title":"Advances in the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"28","author":"Dubey","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. 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