{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T09:05:43Z","timestamp":1779699943730,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":206,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Natural killer (NK) cells are increasingly recognized as a complementary platform to T-cell-based cancer immunotherapies. Their innate, MHC-unrestricted recognition, capacity to mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and comparatively favorable toxicity profile have given rise to a broad therapeutic pipeline that includes cytokine-supported regimens, adoptive NK products, bispecific and trispecific NK engagers, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered NK cells. Clinical data, particularly in hematologic malignancies, show that NK-cell-based strategies can be safe and biologically active, although limited persistence, suboptimal trafficking and immune escape remain key challenges. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), an Epstein\u2013Barr virus (EBV)-driven epithelial cancer, illustrates how a tumor microenvironment (TME) can simultaneously impair NK function and create specific vulnerabilities that NK-focused therapies can exploit. This review summarizes NK biology and current therapeutic platforms, analyzes major limitations, highlights the specific context of NK-cell-based strategies in NPC and compares NK- and T-cell-based therapies with an emphasis on clinical translation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15100913","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T08:06:26Z","timestamp":1779696386000},"page":"913","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Natural Killer (NK) Cells in Tumor Immunity: Limitations and Therapeutic Potential with a Focus on Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Comparison with T-Cell-Based Therapies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3054-4055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Makowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstra\u00dfe 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3072-6772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Udo","family":"Kontny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstra\u00dfe 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vivier, E., and Ugolini, S. 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