{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T04:23:37Z","timestamp":1784867017788,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a second-generation platelet concentrate which is known for promoting cell migration, tissue repair, angiogenesis and bone formation. In contrast, the specific effects of trauma-activated PRF on mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are not yet fully understood. The present study investigates systemic effects of surgical trauma-activated PRF on MSCs in vitro, analyzing their metabolic activity, inflammatory responses, and regenerative capacity to optimize advanced treatment concepts for severe fractures and injuries. Material &amp; Methods: PRF membranes (T-PRF from trauma patients, C-PRF from healthy controls) were generated. After co-incubation with MSC cells for 24, 72, and 120 h, further investigations of metabolic activity (MTT assay) and gene expression analyses were performed. Results: for MTT assay, results especially showed a significantly higher metabolic activity of T-PRF after 120 h. ELISA-results measuring cytokine levels (CXCL10, IL-6, VEGF, and IDO) exposed a frequent peak in T-PRF group at 72 h, declining slightly at 120 h. In the gene expression analyses, T-PRF exerted a comparatively stronger stimulating effect on MAPK14 and VEGFA after 24 h, while a decrease in gene expression for MAPK8, MAPK14, and RUNX2 was observed over time. Conclusion: surgical trauma-activated PRF seems to be a powerful inducer of early inflammatory and stress responses in MSCs with preserved angiogenic but limited osteogenic signaling. Therefore, a targeted balance between inflammatory activation and sustainable regeneration, as well as optimized preparation and possible combination with immunomodulatory approaches, appear to be crucial for the therapeutic success of PRF-based strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15100945","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T15:05:08Z","timestamp":1779721508000},"page":"945","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Impact of Surgical Trauma-Activated Platelet-Rich Fibrin on Mesenchymal Stromal Cells In Vitro"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1086-4016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ren\u00e9 D.","family":"Verboket","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma Surgery and Orthopaedics, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lea","family":"Usov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma Surgery and Orthopaedics, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabell","family":"Bohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma Surgery and Orthopaedics, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2040-0100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas","family":"Neijhoft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma Surgery and Orthopaedics, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marissa","family":"Penna-Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma Surgery and Orthopaedics, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3677-2910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingo","family":"Marzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma Surgery and Orthopaedics, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9728-4032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dirk","family":"Henrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma Surgery and Orthopaedics, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jia, K., You, J., Zhu, Y., Li, M., Chen, S., Ren, S., Chen, S., Zhang, J., Wang, H., and Zhou, Y. 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