{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T01:56:30Z","timestamp":1781142990453,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fondo de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigaci\u00f3n en el Campo de la Salud","award":["IRE-2152-17-23-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IRE-2152-17-23-1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Neutrophils play a role in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs), especially in vasculopathic manifestations. While neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and low-density granulocytes (LDGs) have been described, the functional relevance of other subsets\u2014such as na\u00efve neutrophils, reverse transendothelial migration neutrophils (rTEM), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and regulatory neutrophils\u2014and their association with vasculopathy remains unknown. Objective: We aimed to characterize the phenotypic and functional profile of neutrophil subsets and their association with vasculopathic manifestations in IIM, adjusting for disease activity. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, single-center study including 59 IIM patients diagnosed by muscle biopsy and fulfilling 2017 ACR\/EULAR criteria. Flow cytometry was used to immunophenotype myeloid subsets, and functional assays assessed phagocytosis and respiratory burst. Patients were stratified by clinical activity and presence of vasculopathy. Results: Vasculopathic patients showed expansion of LDGs (p = 0.0092), granulocytic and monocytic MDSCs expressing Arginase-1 (p = 0.0078, p = 0.0003) and PD-L1 (p = 0.0258, p = 0.0087), and rTEM neutrophils (p = 0.0775). In contrast, they exhibited a reduction in na\u00efve neutrophils (p = 0.0004), phagocytosis (p &lt; 0.0001) and respiratory burst (p = 0.0006). Multivariate analysis identified na\u00efve neutrophils and activated CD177+ neutrophils as independent predictors of vasculopathy. A positive correlation between activated and na\u00efve neutrophils were observed in patients with vasculopathic features (r = 0.43; p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: IIM patients with vasculopathic features display a distinct immune profile characterized by an imbalance between proinflammatory and regulatory neutrophil subsets, alongside persistent functional impairment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15121062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:48:35Z","timestamp":1781138915000},"page":"1062","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Disrupted Neutrophil and Myeloid Cell Homeostasis and Effector Dysfunction Drive Vasculopathy in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Daniel Alberto","family":"Carrillo-V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0985-5609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz","family":"Alcal\u00e1-Carmona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer Tiar\u00e9","family":"Balderas Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9558-893X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yatzil","family":"Reyna-Ju\u00e1rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9","family":"Ostos-Prado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7400-7545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabiola","family":"Cassiano-Quezada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Govea-Pel\u00e1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5788-4586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nancy R.","family":"Mej\u00eda-Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Red de Apoyo a La Investigaci\u00f3n, Coordinaci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfca, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0633-0567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillermo","family":"Ju\u00e1rez-Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Red de Apoyo a La Investigaci\u00f3n, Coordinaci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfca, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karina","family":"Santana-De Anda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiram","family":"Torres-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1807-0045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"G\u00f3mez-Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"},{"name":"Red de Apoyo a La Investigaci\u00f3n, Coordinaci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfca, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00321-x","article-title":"Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies","volume":"7","author":"Lundberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. 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