{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T04:52:25Z","timestamp":1781844745272,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, we evaluated the impact of different in vitro 3D culture modelling methods on the activity of doxorubicin (DOX) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in human melanoma spheroids. Human melanoma A375 and IGR39 spheroids were generated using the hanging drop and non-adhesive surface methods. Spheroid growth dynamics were assessed by measuring changes in spheroid diameter. To compare the effects of anticancer drugs in spheroids of different sizes, spheroids of approximately 200 and 400 \u00b5m were formed. Drug activity was evaluated based on spheroid growth and cell viability using the MTT assay. A375 spheroids formed using the non-adhesive surface method were more sensitive to DOX than spheroids formed using the hanging drop method. In smaller A375 spheroids, 10 \u00b5M 5-FU reduced cell viability more effectively in spheroids formed using the hanging drop method. In contrast, IGR39 spheroids formed by the hanging drop method were more resistant than those formed on a non-adhesive surface. However, in IGR39 spheroids, the effects of DOX and 5-FU on growth and viability did not significantly differ between formation methods. In conclusion, A375 spheroid growth was not significantly influenced by the formation method, whereas IGR39 spheroid growth depended on the method used. A375 spheroids formed on non-adhesive surfaces were more sensitive to DOX, whereas 5-FU activity depended on drug concentration and spheroid size. In IGR39 spheroids, the effects of DOX and 5-FU on growth and viability were largely independent of the spheroid formation method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15121069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T12:14:58Z","timestamp":1781180098000},"page":"1069","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cell Line-Dependent Effects of Spheroid Formation Method on Drug Response in Melanoma Models"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Akvil\u0117","family":"\u017dilyt\u0117","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukil\u0117li\u0173 Av. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4106-5535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vilma","family":"Petrikait\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukil\u0117li\u0173 Av. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania"},{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saul\u0117tekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16948","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.7659","article-title":"Comparative Analysis of Tumor Spheroid Generation Techniques for Differential in Vitro Drug Toxicity","volume":"7","author":"Raghavan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-022-01278-4","article-title":"Tumor Organoids: Applications in Cancer Modeling and Potentials in Precision Medicine","volume":"15","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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