{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T18:41:38Z","timestamp":1790361698562,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010621","name":"Medical University of Lublin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DS223"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DS223"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["DS223"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DS223"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/016f61126","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (UC-MSCs) are a key element of regenerative medicine due to their ability to secrete growth factors that stimulate proliferation and angiogenesis, and modulate the inflammatory response. Despite their widespread use, the influence of the perinatal microenvironment on their biological properties remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of pH and blood gas parameters in umbilical cord blood on the global transcriptomic profile of UC-MSCs and to analyze the correlation between the metabolic status of the newborn and the expression of key trophic factors: EGF, FGF2, FGFR1, FGFR3, GDNF, HGF, IGF1, NES, NGF, and PGF. Methods: The study was conducted in two stages. In the first phase, transcriptomic screening was performed using Affymetrix HuGene 2.0 ST microarray on cells isolated from three environmental groups defined by cord blood pH: acidic (pH &lt; 7.35), physiological (7.35\u20137.39), and alkaline (pH \u2265 7.4). In the second phase, the results were validated using qPCR on an expanded study group (N = 50). Gene expression levels (RQ) were related to blood gas parameters (pH, pCO2, pO2, cHCO3) and the presence of clinical features of threatened neonatal asphyxia. Results: Microarray analysis revealed that environmental pH acts as a molecular phenotypic switch. Under low pH conditions (&lt;7.35), a shift in cell profile from proliferative to structural\u2013migratory was observed. Significant overexpression of genes responsible for extracellular matrix (ECM) organization and adhesion (e.g., COMP, DCN, LUM, FMOD) was observed, while pathways related to cell cycle and cell division (\u2193CDK1, AURKA, TOP2A) were downregulated. qPCR validation confirmed these observations, demonstrating a strong positive correlation between blood pH and the expression of regenerative mediators: FGFR1 (r = 0.28), EGF (r = 0.30), NGF (r = 0.39), and IGF1 (r = 0.30). A negative correlation was also found between carbon dioxide pressure (pCO2) and the expression of NGF, FGFR1, and EGF. A significant clinical finding was that in newborns diagnosed with threatened asphyxia, EGF, FGFR1, and NGF gene expression was significantly reduced, indicating impaired trophic potential of the cells in response to metabolic stress. Conclusions: These results indicate that cord blood gas parameters are critical regulators of the genetic activity of UC-MSCs. Metabolic and respiratory acidosis not only inhibit the cells\u2019 proliferative potential but also force them into a matrix remodeling mode, permanently modifying their transcriptomic profile. This suggests that the neonatal acid\u2013base status may serve as an objective indicator of the \u201cbiological quality\u201d of isolated stromal cells, which has significant implications for their future applications in cell therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15121076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:44:58Z","timestamp":1781484298000},"page":"1076","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Umbilical Cord Blood Gasometry and pH as Key Regulators of Growth Factor Expression Profile in Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (UC-MSCs)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6143-9653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominika","family":"Przywara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwillowska Str., 20-080 Lublin, Poland"},{"name":"Doctoral School, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wiktor","family":"Babiuch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Scientific Society of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-080 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9926-0870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alicja","family":"Petniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwillowska Str., 20-080 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5747-1178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Wasilewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Maria Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0018-364X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaros\u0142aw","family":"Krzy\u017canowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Independent Public Hospital No. 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Czuba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwillowska Str., 20-080 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arkadiusz","family":"Krzy\u017canowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Staszica Str., 20-081 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrianna","family":"Kondracka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Staszica Str., 20-081 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9541-6353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janusz","family":"Kocki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwillowska Str., 20-080 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3119-981X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulina","family":"Gil-Kulik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwillowska Str., 20-080 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.3016","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells: From roots to boost","volume":"37","author":"Andrzejewska","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"e939716","article-title":"Influence of Umbilical Cord Blood Biochemical Parameters and Disease Condition on the Expression of the TSG-6 Gene in Umbilical Mesenchymal Stem Cells","volume":"29","author":"Wojciechowska","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med. 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