{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:01:54Z","timestamp":1785427314859,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":141,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02kqnpp86","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"STEMBIONEC project, 2023"},{"name":"GHOST project, 2023"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Osteoporosis (OP) is a chronic disease characterized by decreased bone mass and altered microarchitecture, leading to bone fragility and fracture risk. To date, although carbohydrate-binding proteins Galectins 1 and 3 (Gal-1\/Gal-3) have been implicated in bone metabolism, inflammation and aging, their levels and potential regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs) have not yet been investigated in OP. Methods: In this pilot study, 13 osteoporotic (OP) and 10 non-osteoporotic (NOP) patients, all undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty, were enrolled. Due to the unavailability of DXA measurements, OP classification was based on cortical bone ratio and distal femoral cortical index. Clinical parameters and blood samples were collected preoperatively, while bone biopsies were obtained intraoperatively. ELISA and qRT-PCR were used to quantify Gal-1, Gal-3, miR-22 and miR-21 in bones and sera. Correlations with clinical parameters were assessed. Results: Several OP biopsies exhibited a reduction in Gal-1 levels, whereas miR-22, Gal-3 and miR-21 were increased. Serum analysis revealed similar dysregulation patterns, with increased miR-21 and decreased Gal-1 and miR-22 levels in several OP patients. Conclusions: This pilot study suggests a putative association of Gal-1, Gal-3, and their previously reported related miRNAs with osteoporotic bone status, indicating their potential involvement in OP-related bone metabolism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15121119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T09:49:55Z","timestamp":1782121795000},"page":"1119","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Epigenetic Regulation of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 in Osteoporosis: A Pilot Study in Patients Undergoing Total Joint Arthroplasty"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2011-6353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Russo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental, Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"School of Pharmacology and Clinical Toxicology, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7621-4013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Conza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9041-1043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caterina Claudia","family":"Lepre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Itro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5366-5733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriano","family":"Braile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerardo","family":"Grossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicoletta","family":"Tangredi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6899-0595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"D\u2019Amico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8510-6653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anca","family":"Hermenean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cVasile Goldis\u201d Western University of Arad, 310144 Arad, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9813-5955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Consiglia","family":"Trotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Toro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650090802","article-title":"The Diagnosis of Osteoporosis","volume":"9","author":"Kanis","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. 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