{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T05:46:13Z","timestamp":1782539173662,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cardiomyopathies are traditionally classified by structural and genetic phenotypes, but emerging evidence highlights chronic myocardial inflammation as a pivotal driver of disease progression across different etiologies. This review synthesizes the current literature on the cellular and molecular inflammatory mechanisms underlying hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Anderson\u2013Fabry disease, cardiac amyloidosis, arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, and dilated cardiomyopathy. Across these distinct conditions, endogenous triggers such as metabolic substrates, misfolded amyloid fibrils, mechanical stress, or viral genomes act as damage-associated molecular patterns. These stimuli activate innate and adaptive immune cascades, notably the Toll-like receptors, the NF-\u03baB pathway, and the NLRP3 inflammasome. This immune activation establishes a pro-inflammatory microenvironment that promotes fibroblast reprogramming, myocardial edema, and progressive fibrotic or fibro-fatty remodeling. Inflammation is an active, core pathophysiological mechanism rather than a passive secondary bystander in cardiomyopathies. Recognizing these shared immune pathways provides a framework for improved risk stratification and highlights the potential for targeted immunomodulatory therapies to alter disease trajectories.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15121131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T06:13:37Z","timestamp":1782195217000},"page":"1131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Inflammation in Cardiomyopathies: Cellular Mechanisms Across Cardiac Phenotype"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4994-9434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Lattanzio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4311-7570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Marchionni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Padua, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Pecci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3034-0472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Ciccarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Stavagna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacopo","family":"Costantino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Padua, 35128 Padova, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, San Pietro Fatebenefratelli Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5061-0424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Ballatore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Alfarano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Ciciarello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5954-3796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Chimenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31792-X","article-title":"Mavacamten for treatment of symptomatic obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (EXPLORER-HCM): A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"396","author":"Olivotto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maron, M.S. 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