{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T14:46:03Z","timestamp":1785422763017,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Institutional","award":["BNW-2-093\/N\/4\/I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BNW-2-093\/N\/4\/I"]}]},{"name":"Institutional","award":["BNW-2-051\/K\/6\/J"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BNW-2-051\/K\/6\/J"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010252","name":"Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010252","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/005k7hp45","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Thrombospondin-2 (TSP-2) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein involved in angiogenesis, vascular remodeling, cell adhesion, and tissue repair. Its expression is induced by pathological stimuli, including mechanotransduction, hypoxia, and TGF-\u03b2 signaling, and has been associated with several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as heart failure, coronary artery disease, abdominal aortic aneurysm, and hypertension. Elevated circulating TSP-2 levels, particularly in combination with NT-proBNP, as well as alterations in THBS2 and its regulatory non-coding RNAs, have been linked to disease severity and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. This review summarizes current evidence on the role of TSP-2 in cardiovascular pathophysiology and its involvement in cardiovascular homeostasis. Although accumulating data suggest that TSP-2 may have diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic relevance, its clinical utility as a biomarker or therapeutic target has not yet been established. Further large-scale studies and standardized assessment methods are required to validate its potential and support future clinical translation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15131162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T05:52:11Z","timestamp":1782453131000},"page":"1162","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Thrombospondin-2 in Cardiovascular Disease: Molecular Mechanisms, Biomarker Potential, and Therapeutic Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6934-8780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina L.","family":"St\u0119pie\u0144","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medykow 18 Street, 40-752 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malwina","family":"Botor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medykow 18 Street, 40-752 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7169-8199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub","family":"Karli\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Students\u2019 Scientific Society, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7055-0576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alicja","family":"Kazik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Students\u2019 Scientific Society, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9081-0984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Machnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medykow 18 Street, 40-752 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-025-02365-y","article-title":"The mechanobiology of extracellular matrix: A focus on thrombospondins","volume":"23","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Commun. 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