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The islet-enriched musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene family A (MAFA) transcription factor acts as a master regulator of \u03b2-cell identity and function, coordinating gene expression networks required for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Dysregulation of MAFA contributes to \u03b2-cell dysfunction, as reduced expression is detected early in the pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes, while long-lived variants can drive monogenic forms of diabetes. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of MAFA on \u03b2-cell maturation and function in both the mouse and human. This includes structural features of the MAFA protein, regulation of MAFA transcription, post-translational modifications, and emerging areas of research for therapeutic potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15131199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T16:50:33Z","timestamp":1782924633000},"page":"1199","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["MAFA: A Master Regulator of \u03b2-Cell Maturation and Function"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7049-6986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lizabeth","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mallory A.","family":"Maurer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeeyeon","family":"Cha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"},{"name":"Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"},{"name":"Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC) and Medicine Section, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"International Diabetes Federation (2025). 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