{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T02:34:13Z","timestamp":1788834853982,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82171700 ; 81770527"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82171700 ; 81770527"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["82171700 ; 81770527"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82171700 ; 81770527"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key Area Project of General Universities in Guangdong Province","award":["2024ZDZX2080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZDZX2080"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents a growing global health threat that markedly increases colorectal cancer risk, yet conventional immunosuppressive agents achieve mucosal healing in only a limited subset of patients. M2-polarized macrophages have been recognized as crucial regulators of mucosal repair through their ability to maintain intestinal microenvironment homeostasis. Here, we investigated the potential effects and mechanisms of macrophage-derived exosomes (Exos) on epithelial barrier function in a murine model of IBD. Murine colitis was induced by intrarectal administration of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), followed by treatment with Exos isolated from IL-33-treated macrophages (IL-33-Exos) or untreated macrophages (PBS-Exos). Our findings showed that IL-33-Exos markedly ameliorated inflammatory intestinal mucosal injury and improved intestinal barrier dysfunction. Concurrently, IL-33-Exos mitigated intestinal epithelial cell damage, thereby preserving intestinal mucosal integrity. Mechanistic studies revealed that the beneficial effects of IL-33-Exos were implicated in upregulation of Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling in intestinal epithelial cells. Translationally, these findings suggest that IL-33-Exos may promote epithelial repair in experimental colitis, offering a novel therapeutic avenue for clinical management of inflammatory bowel disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15131217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T15:15:04Z","timestamp":1783091704000},"page":"1217","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Exosomes from IL-33-Stimulated Macrophages Regulate Epithelial Barrier Function to Ameliorate TNBS-Induced Colitis in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Shuang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luhui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianying","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanxia","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baohong","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7710-7557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.12.036","article-title":"Prognostic factors for advanced colorectal neoplasia in inflammatory bowel disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"160","author":"Wijnands","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32126-2","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis","volume":"389","author":"Ungaro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjx153","article-title":"Characteristics of faecal microbiota in paediatric crohn\u2019s disease and their dynamic changes during infliximab therapy","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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