{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T09:19:14Z","timestamp":1783588754643,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":201,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["ZR2024QH628"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2024QH628"]}]},{"name":"Weifang Science and Technology Development Plan Project","award":["2024YX033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YX033"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Copper is an essential trace element required for numerous enzymatic processes in the brain, including mitochondrial metabolism, antioxidant defense, and gene expression regulation. Recent studies have further implicated copper in a newly defined form of regulated cell death termed cuproptosis, providing a mechanistic framework for copper-dependent cytotoxicity. Increasing evidence indicates that copper dyshomeostasis is a common feature of major neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD), Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), where it is associated with protein misfolding, redox imbalance, and neuronal vulnerability. Nevertheless, the mechanistic link between copper dysregulation and neuronal cell death remains incompletely defined. In this review, we systematically summarize the molecular mechanisms governing copper homeostasis and intracellular copper trafficking, while providing a timely, updated, and in-depth overview of the mechanistic basis and emerging biology of cuproptosis. We further comprehensively evaluate the current evidence linking copper dysregulation and cuproptosis-related pathways to neurodegenerative diseases, with particular emphasis on distinguishing mechanistic causation from pathological correlation. Importantly, we discuss current therapeutic strategies and emerging clinical efforts targeting copper metabolism, while highlighting the major challenges in defining the pathological significance and mechanistic contribution of cuproptosis in neurodegenerative diseases. Collectively, this review provides an updated framework for understanding the pathological significance and translational potential of cuproptosis in neurodegenerative diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15141238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T08:50:56Z","timestamp":1783587056000},"page":"1238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Copper Homeostasis and Cuproptosis in Neurodegenerative Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Bowen","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingyun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunjie","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luyu","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3774-9573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiupeng","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9233-2170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kurdi, M.A., Alotaibi, H., Alkhuraymi, A.T., Aldahery, L.N., Alhawaj, A.F., and Aldali, H.J. 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