{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:18:45Z","timestamp":1785403125666,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":151,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Gansu Joint Research Fund Project","award":["24JRRA879"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24JRRA879"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004775","name":"Gansu Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24JRRA1026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24JRRA1026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004775","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009590","name":"Gansu Provincial Education Department","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2026B-118"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026B-118"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009590","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["2026B-118"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026B-118"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03w2z6524","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Dingxi Science and Technology Plan Project","award":["DX2024BY017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DX2024BY017"]}]},{"name":"Higher Education Teaching Reform Research Project of Gansu Provincial","award":["GJJGB228"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GJJGB228"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012562","name":"Gansu University of Chinese Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2026CXCY-212"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026CXCY-212"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012562","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012562","name":"Gansu University of Chinese Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2026CXCY-236"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026CXCY-236"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012562","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) involves bone homeostasis imbalance induced by inflammation, metabolism, age, mechanical stress, joint injury and other factors. Recently, Type H vessels (CD31hiEMCNhi endothelial cells) have emerged as a specialized endothelial cell subset that couples angiogenesis with osteogenesis. Type H angiogenesis in the diaphysis was found to be beneficial for maintaining bone homeostasis, while the abnormal proliferation of type H vessels in subchondral bone can lead to chondrocyte hypertrophy and osteophyte formation. However, the mechanism by which the abnormal proliferation of type H vessels induces KOA has not been elucidated in detail. In this review, we summarize the latest evidence on the role of type H endothelial cell function in the pathogenesis and progression of osteoarthritis (OA). We review the role of type H angiogenesis at different sites in the development and progression of OA and focus on the potential mechanisms that regulate type H angiogenesis in OA and the potential therapeutic value and significance of targeting type H angiogenesis in promoting bone regeneration and maintaining bone homeostasis. Finally, we discuss key obstacles and future directions for studying type H vessel regulation in KOA, offering an endothelial cell-based framework for understanding bone homeostasis and improving OA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15141312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T13:25:46Z","timestamp":1784726746000},"page":"1312","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pharmacological Targeting of Type H Endothelial Cells in Knee Osteoarthritis: From Molecular Signaling to Cellular Homeostasis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Chunlu","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dunhuang Medical Academy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4971-9977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuangwei","family":"Sui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiao","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xupeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeling","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiarong","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangyu","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teaching Experiment Training Center, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"85","article-title":"Hemodynamic Stress Shapes Subchondral Bone in Osteoarthritis: An Emerging Hypothesis","volume":"32","author":"Ni","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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