{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T05:00:48Z","timestamp":1785042048389,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Italian Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"I.R.C.C.S I.N.M. Neuromed"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Recent evidence suggests that the antidepressant vortioxetine (Vx) inhibits the growth of glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive primary malignant tumor of the CNS. We used five patient-derived GBM cell lines to confirm the anti-GBM effect of Vx and explore its mechanism(s) of action. Methods: We performed in silico analysis, PCR, TUNEL assay, colony assay, and proliferation assay. Results: Vx potently inhibited GBM cell growth, and showed efficacy at concentrations of 0.1 \u03bcM that roughly correspond to therapeutic concentrations of Vx in major depression. Other antidepressants, i.e., fluoxetine and duloxetine, inhibited GBM cell growth only at high concentrations. Computational analysis showed that at least three receptor targets of Vx (5-HT7, 5-HT1D, and 5-HT1B) were expressed at moderate\/high levels in GBM. The 5-HT1B receptor transcript was found in all GBM cell lines and was the only detectable Vx target in three of the five cell lines. Blocking 5-HT1B with SB224289 abolished the anti-GBM effect of Vx, even in cells expressing other Vx. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that therapeutic concentrations of Vx inhibit GBM cell proliferation and suggest that this action may be mediated, at least in part, by 5-HT1B receptor activation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15151323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T10:38:41Z","timestamp":1784889521000},"page":"1323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Antidepressant Vortioxetine Potently Inhibits Cell Growth in Cultured Human Glioblastoma Cells Expressing 5-HT1B Serotonin Receptors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Veronica","family":"Russo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Antonietta","family":"Oliva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marika","family":"Alborghetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Castaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0840-8150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luisa","family":"Di Menna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7571-3417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Battaglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferdinando","family":"Nicoletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Caridi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0708-8282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonietta","family":"Arcella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balakrishna, P., George, S., Hatoum, H., and Mukherjee, S. 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