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Although miRNAs involved in oligodendrocyte lineage cell (OLLC) differentiation have been extensively studied in rodent models, their functions in human oligodendrocyte (OL) development remain poorly understood. To address this, we used a human embryonic stem cell (hESC) reporter system and an optimized differentiation protocol to generate and isolate well-characterized OLLCs at defined developmental stages. Next-generation sequencing-based miRNA profiling identified stage-specific miRNAs associated with OL lineage specification and maturation. In addition to canonical OL-associated miRNAs, we identified several previously uncharacterized oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC)\/oligodendrocyte (OL)-enriched miRNAs, including miR-3943, miR-4286, miR-1296-5p, miR-488-3p, miR-675-5p, and miR-128-3p, as potential novel regulators and molecular markers for human OLLC development. Computational target analysis further identified candidate regulatory genes, including ZNF488, DLX1, CSNK2B, and KCNJ1, and predicted their association with AKT, SMAD2\/3, estrogen-receptor, and insulin-signaling pathways. Together, these findings provide a comprehensive stage-specific miRNA resource for human OL lineage development and provide insight into potential miRNA-mediated regulatory networks governing human OL development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15151343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T08:15:56Z","timestamp":1785140156000},"page":"1343","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Profiling miRNAs Involved in Human Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell Differentiation and Maturation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2747-9974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mansoureh","family":"Barzegar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asmita","family":"Dhukhwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5340-8681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vaidehi Nilesh","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda C.","family":"Velasquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4377-2823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samarjit","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3125-8958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arun H.","family":"Patil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lieber Institute for Brain Development, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7112-7389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc K.","family":"Halushka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6401-7715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xitiz","family":"Chamling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1190927","article-title":"Regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination","volume":"330","author":"Emery","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.15618","article-title":"MicroRNAs in oligodendrocyte development and remyelination","volume":"162","author":"Ngo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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