{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T01:31:17Z","timestamp":1786325477482,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82460402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82460402"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81960378"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81960378"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["82460402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82460402"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["81960378"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81960378"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Thioredoxin peroxidase (TPx) derived from Taenia solium cysticerci (Cysticercus cellulosae) mediates immune evasion by disrupting T cell subset homeostasis. However, its effect on regulatory B cells (Bregs) and the underlying mechanism remain unknown. We stimulated GM12878 B cells with TPx and assessed Breg differentiation by flow cytometry, ELISA, and RT-qPCR. We evaluated the function of TPx-pretreated B cells in co-culture with T cells. We then combined RNA sequencing, Western blot, ELISA, and pharmacological inhibition to identify the signaling pathway involved. TPx increased the CD19+CD24hiCD27+ Breg subset in a time-dependent manner, peaking at 72 h. This effect was accompanied by enhanced IL-10 secretion and upregulated transcription of IL-10, TGF-\u03b2, and IL-35. TPx-pretreated B cells reduced CD4+ T-cell blastogenesis (cell size) and the CD4+ fraction of the co-culture and increased the frequency of cells with a CD4+CD25+CD127\u2212 Treg-like surface phenotype. RNA sequencing identified cAMP-related pathways as central to this process. TPx elevated intracellular cAMP and activated the PKA\/CREB phosphorylation cascade, whereas the adenylyl cyclase inhibitor SQ22536 reversed TPx-induced Breg differentiation and IL-10 secretion. In this human B cell line model, TPx promotes acquisition of a Breg-like phenotype in an adenylyl cyclase\u2013dependent manner, revealing a novel mechanism of cysticercosis-associated immune evasion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15161429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T01:20:03Z","timestamp":1786324803000},"page":"1429","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The TPx Protein of Cysticercus cellulosae Promotes an IL-10\u2013Producing Regulatory B Cell Phenotype in Human B Lymphoblastoid Cells via the cAMP\/CREB Pathway"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Haojun","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3554-6903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haiting","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianqian","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3297-2344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Biying","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-023-05989-6","article-title":"Insights into the diagnosis, vaccines, and control of Taenia solium, a zoonotic, neglected parasite","volume":"16","author":"Hossain","year":"2023","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1101","article-title":"The hidden threat of cysticercosis: A neglected public health problem","volume":"15","author":"Kusnoto","year":"2025","journal-title":"Open Vet. 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