{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T15:31:26Z","timestamp":1786375886963,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":255,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The role of immunotherapy in oncohematology is well established. Monoclonal antibodies have undergone substantial development in recent years, targeting a wide range of molecules (including surface antigens, immune checkpoints, and cytokines) and have demonstrated clinical utility across various hematologic malignancies, including leukemias, lymphomas, and myelomas. The emergence of advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs), particularly chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, has provided an additional and promising therapeutic option. This rapidly evolving field continues to expand therapeutic possibilities. The objective of this literature review is to summarize novel immunotherapeutic strategies in oncohematology, including monoclonal antibody- and CAR T-cell-based approaches, and to review the key findings from recent clinical trials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15161439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T15:10:24Z","timestamp":1786374624000},"page":"1439","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Advances in Oncohematology Immunotherapy: Monoclonal Antibodies and CAR T-Cell Therapies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Fanny","family":"Mathias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR, UMR 7273, Equipe de Pharmaco-Chimie Radicalaire, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France"},{"name":"Pharmacy Department, Marseille Nord University Hospital Pharmacy, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Marseille, 13015 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4455-4641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cyril","family":"Fersing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut R\u00e9gional du Cancer de Montpellier, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France"},{"name":"IBMM, CNRS, ENSCM, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7044-3910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00e9ronique","family":"Bourgarel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovation and Clinical Research Department, Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), 13005 Marseille, France"},{"name":"Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Gabert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, North University Hospital, 13015 Marseille, France"},{"name":"CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Peyron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Department, Marseille Nord University Hospital Pharmacy, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Marseille, 13015 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01521-5","article-title":"Immunotherapy in Hematologic Malignancies: Achievements, Challenges and Future Prospects","volume":"8","author":"Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2026, July 16). SEER Cancer Stat Facts, Available online: https:\/\/seer.cancer.gov\/statfacts\/index.html."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3907","article-title":"Hematologic Malignancies: At the Forefront of Immunotherapeutic Innovation","volume":"15","author":"Bachireddy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jureczek, J., Ka\u0142wak, K., and Dzi\u0119giel, P. (2024). Antibody-Based Immunotherapies for the Treatment of Hematologic Malignancies. Cancers, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16244181"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"1","article-title":"Rituximab: The First Monoclonal Antibody Approved for the Treatment of Lymphoma","volume":"1","author":"White","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"(2026, August 04). Biopharma Dealmakers. Available online: https:\/\/www.nature.com\/biopharmdeal."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"(2026, June 09). RITUXAN\u00ae (Rituximab) Medication for RA, NHL, CLL, GPA, MPA & PV. Available online: https:\/\/www.rituxan.com."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"(2026, June 09). Chemo-Free Regimens Show Promise, Could Redefine Care for B-Cell Lymphomas\u2014Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. Available online: https:\/\/www.dana-farber.org\/newsroom\/news-releases\/2025\/chemo-free-regimens-show-promise-could-redefine-care-for-b-cell-lymphomas."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2016.146738","article-title":"Comparison of Two Dosing Schedules for Subcutaneous Injections of Low-Dose Anti-CD20 Veltuzumab in Relapsed Immune Thrombocytopenia","volume":"101","author":"Liebman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2014.911859","article-title":"Phase 1\/2 Study of Ocaratuzumab, an Fc-Engineered Humanized Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibody, in Low-Affinity Fc\u03b3RIIIa Patients with Previously Treated Follicular Lymphoma","volume":"56","author":"Ganjoo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Leuk. Lymphoma"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3726","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2021-147460","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of Ublituximab in Combination with Umbralisib (U2) in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) By Treatment Status: A Sub-Analysis of the Phase 3 Unity-CLL Study","volume":"138","author":"Jacobs","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3902","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-14-0516","article-title":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration Approval: Obinutuzumab in Combination with Chlorambucil for the Treatment of Previously Untreated Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia","volume":"20","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4331","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-10-0570","article-title":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration Approval: Ofatumumab for the Treatment of Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Refractory to Fludarabine and Alemtuzumab","volume":"16","author":"Lemery","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Inman, S. (2026, May 21). FDA Approves First-Line Ofatumumab for Fludarabine-Ineligible Patients with CLL\u2014OncLive. Available online: https:\/\/www.onclive.com\/view\/fda-approves-first-line-ofatumumab-for-chemotherapy-ineligble-patients-with-cll."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Association for Cancer Research (2014). Obinutuzumab Breaks through to FDA Approval. Cancer Discov., 4, OF6.","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-NB2013-167"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1313984","article-title":"Obinutuzumab plus Chlorambucil in Patients with CLL and Coexisting Conditions","volume":"370","author":"Goede","year":"2014","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1614598","article-title":"Obinutuzumab for the First-Line Treatment of Follicular Lymphoma","volume":"377","author":"Marcus","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.70136","article-title":"Obinutuzumab Maintenance in Follicular Lymphoma Is Associated with Better Progression Free Survival and Comparable Toxicity","volume":"116","author":"Robinson","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01774-4","article-title":"Glofitamab plus Gemcitabine and Oxaliplatin (GemOx) versus Rituximab-GemOx for Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (STARGLO): A Global Phase 3, Randomised, Open-Label Trial","volume":"404","author":"Abramson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2500037","DOI":"10.1200\/OA-25-00037","article-title":"SWOG 2308: Randomized Phase III Study of Mosunetuzumab Versus Rituximab for Low-Tumor Burden Follicular Lymphoma","volume":"2","author":"Ghosh","year":"2025","journal-title":"JCO Oncol. Adv."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2025.10.010","article-title":"Epcoritamab Plus Gemcitabine and Oxaliplatin Versus Rituximab Plus Gemcitabine and Oxaliplatin in Transplant-Ineligible Relapsed\/Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Match-Adjusted Comparative Analysis","volume":"26","author":"Munoz","year":"2026","journal-title":"Clin. Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"TPS7099","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2024.42.16_suppl.TPS7099","article-title":"Phase 3 Trial Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Odronextamab plus Chemotherapy versus Rituximab plus Chemotherapy in Previously Untreated Follicular Lymphoma (OLYMPIA-2)","volume":"42","author":"Hardin","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"(2026, May 23). CBER\u2014Alemtuzumab (Campath), Millennium and ILEX Partners, LP, Available online: https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/appletter\/2001\/alemmil050701L.htm."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2007-0218","article-title":"FDA Drug Approval Summary: Alemtuzumab as Single-Agent Treatment for B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia","volume":"13","author":"Demko","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Serani, S. (2026, May 23). Alemtuzumab Wins FDA Orphan Drug Designation as Part of ALL CAR T Therapy\u2014Targeted Oncology\u2014Immunotherapy, Biomarkers, and Cancer Pathways. Available online: https:\/\/www.targetedonc.com\/view\/alemtuzumab-wins-fda-orphan-drug-designation-as-part-of-all-car-t-therapy."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bneo.2025.100175","article-title":"Phase 1B Pilot Study of Itacitinib with Alemtuzumab in Patients with T-Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia","volume":"3","author":"Kadia","year":"2026","journal-title":"Blood Neoplasia"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019000402","article-title":"Consensus Criteria for Diagnosis, Staging, and Treatment Response Assessment of T-Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia","volume":"134","author":"Staber","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2025.01.023","article-title":"Peripheral T- and Natural Killer-Cell Lymphomas: ESMO-EHA Clinical Practice Guideline for Diagnosis, Treatment and Follow-Up","volume":"36","author":"Federico","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"(2026, May 23). Liste des Sp\u00e9cialit\u00e9s en Acc\u00e8s D\u00e9rogatoire\u2014Campath. Available online: https:\/\/ansm.sante.fr\/tableau-acces-derogatoire\/campath."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"70","article-title":"Darzalex (Daratumumab): First Anti-CD38 Monoclonal Antibody Approved for Patients with Relapsed Multiple Myeloma","volume":"9","author":"Raedler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. Health Drug Benefits"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03485-7","article-title":"Daratumumab plus Bortezomib, Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone for Transplant-Ineligible or Transplant-Deferred Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma: The Randomized Phase 3 CEPHEUS Trial","volume":"31","author":"Usmani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(24)00282-1","article-title":"Bortezomib, Thalidomide, and Dexamethasone with or without Daratumumab and Followed by Daratumumab Maintenance or Observation in Transplant-Eligible Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma: Long-Term Follow-up of the CASSIOPEIA Randomised Controlled Phase 3 Trial","volume":"25","author":"Moreau","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2409029","article-title":"Daratumumab or Active Monitoring for High-Risk Smoldering Multiple Myeloma","volume":"392","author":"Dimopoulos","year":"2025","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2514663","article-title":"Teclistamab plus Daratumumab in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma","volume":"394","author":"Costa","year":"2026","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2902","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2025029360","article-title":"Talquetamab plus Daratumumab for the Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma in the TRIMM-2 Study","volume":"146","author":"Chari","year":"2025","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-020-01325-9","article-title":"Correction to: Isatuximab: First Approval","volume":"80","author":"Dhillon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (2024). FDA Approves Isatuximab-Irfc with Bortezomib, Lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone for Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma, FDA."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2400712","article-title":"Isatuximab, Bortezomib, Lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone for Multiple Myeloma","volume":"391","author":"Facon","year":"2024","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"(2026, April 24). FDA Grants Orphan Drug Designation to SAR446523 for the Treatment of RRMM. Available online: https:\/\/multiplemyelomahub.com\/medical-information\/fda-grants-orphan-drug-designation-to-sar446523-for-the-treatment-of-rrmm."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"(2026, May 23). Bristol-Myers Squibb and AbbVie Receive FDA Approval of EmplicitiTM (Elotuzumab) for the Treatment of Patients with Multiple Myeloma Who Have Received One to Three Prior Therapies. Available online: https:\/\/news.bms.com\/news\/details\/2015\/Bristol-Myers-Squibb-and-AbbVie-Receive-FDA-Approval-of-Empliciti-elotuzumab-for-the-Treatment-of-Patients-with-Multiple-Myeloma-Who-Have-Received-One-to-Three-Prior-Therapies\/default.aspx."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.02815","article-title":"Elotuzumab Plus Pomalidomide and Dexamethasone for Relapsed\/Refractory Multiple Myeloma: Final Overall Survival Analysis from the Randomized Phase II ELOQUENT-3 Trial","volume":"41","author":"Dimopoulos","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-020-01405-w","article-title":"Tafasitamab: First Approval","volume":"80","author":"Hoy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (2025). FDA Approves Tafasitamab-Cxix for Relapsed or Refractory Follicular Lymphoma, FDA."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"LBA7000","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2026.44.17_suppl.LBA7000","article-title":"frontMIND: Phase 3 Study of Tafasitamab (Tafa) plus Lenalidomide (Len) and R-CHOP for Patients (Pts) with Newly Diagnosed Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL)","volume":"44","author":"Lenz","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cuesta-Mateos, C., Alcaraz-Serna, A., Somovilla-Crespo, B., and Mu\u00f1oz-Calleja, C. (2018). Monoclonal Antibody Therapies for Hematological Malignancies: Not Just Lineage-Specific Targets. Front. Immunol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01936"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2356","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdr620","article-title":"Phase II Trial of Galiximab (Anti-CD80 Monoclonal Antibody) plus Rituximab (CALGB 50402): Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI) Score Is Predictive of Upfront Immunotherapy Responsiveness","volume":"23","author":"Czuczman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2764","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.07.8972","article-title":"Phase I\/II Study of an Anti-CD30 Monoclonal Antibody (MDX-060) in Hodgkin\u2019s Lymphoma and Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma","volume":"25","author":"Ansell","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salomon, R., and Dahan, R. (2022). Next Generation CD40 Agonistic Antibodies for Cancer Immunotherapy. Front. Immunol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.940674"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.14726","article-title":"A Phase I-II Clinical Trial of the Anti-CD74 Monoclonal Antibody Milatuzumab in Frail Patients with Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia: A Patient Based Approach","volume":"182","author":"Haran","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"(2026, May 23). Read, 5 Min Immunomedics, Inc.\u2019s Milatuzumab Receives FDA Orphan Drug Designation for Therapy of Multiple Myeloma. Available online: https:\/\/www.biospace.com\/immunomedics-inc-s-milatuzumab-receives-fda-orphan-drug-designation-for-therapy-of-multiple-myeloma."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-025-02528-3","article-title":"Phase 1 Study of Lintuzumab-Ac225 Combined with CLAG-M Salvage Therapy in Relapsed\/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"39","author":"Abedin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3797","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28299","article-title":"A Phase II Trial of Extended Induction Epratuzumab and Rituximab for Previously Untreated Follicular Lymphoma: CALGB 50701","volume":"119","author":"Grant","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"(2026, June 08). Immunomedics Announces Termination of Epratuzumab Licensing Agreement with UCB\u2014FirstWord Pharma. Available online: https:\/\/firstwordpharma.com\/story\/3586256."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2023.0057","article-title":"NCCN Guidelines\u00ae Insights: B-Cell Lymphomas, Version 6.2023: Featured Updates to the NCCN Guidelines","volume":"21","author":"Zelenetz","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Natl. Compr. Cancer Netw."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2026.0012","article-title":"NCCN Guidelines\u00ae Insights: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia\/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Version 2.2026: Featured Updates to the NCCN Guidelines","volume":"24","author":"Wierda","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Natl. Compr. Cancer Netw."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1586\/17474086.2015.1087844","article-title":"What Is the Status of Novel Anti-CD20 Antibodies for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Are They Set to Leave Rituximab in the Shadows?","volume":"8","author":"Chaudhry","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2025.0023","article-title":"NCCN Guidelines\u00ae Insights: Multiple Myeloma, Version 1.2025","volume":"23","author":"Kumar","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Natl. Compr. Cancer Netw."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyac256","article-title":"Clinical Treatment Guidelines for Tafasitamab Plus Lenalidomide in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma","volume":"28","author":"Nedved","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"e250048","article-title":"NCCN Guidelines\u00ae Insights: B-Cell Lymphomas 3.2025","volume":"23","author":"Zelenetz","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Natl. Compr. Cancer Netw."},{"key":"ref_60","unstructured":"Biogen (2015). A Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind Study of Galiximab in Combination with Rituximab Compared with Rituximab in Combination with Placebo for the Treatment of Subjects with Relapsed or Refractory, Follicular Non-Hodgkin\u2019s Lymphoma, Biogen. clinicaltrials.gov."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4035","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-15-0612","article-title":"FDA Approval: Blinatumomab","volume":"21","author":"Przepiorka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (2024). FDA Approves Blinatumomab as Consolidation for CD19-Positive Philadelphia Chromosome-Negative B-Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, FDA."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2312948","article-title":"Blinatumomab for MRD-Negative Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Adults","volume":"391","author":"Litzow","year":"2024","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.0987","article-title":"Effect of Blinatumomab vs Chemotherapy on Event-Free Survival Among Children with High-Risk First-Relapse B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"325","author":"Locatelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4118","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.02200","article-title":"Children\u2019s Oncology Group AALL1331: Phase III Trial of Blinatumomab in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults with Low-Risk B-Cell ALL in First Relapse","volume":"41","author":"Hogan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.23.01075","article-title":"Long-Term Results of the Dasatinib-Blinatumomab Protocol for Adult Philadelphia-Positive ALL","volume":"42","author":"Bassan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4246","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.24.00272","article-title":"Results of the Simultaneous Combination of Ponatinib and Blinatumomab in Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive ALL","volume":"42","author":"Kantarjian","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2025-439","article-title":"First Results of the Phase III GIMEMA ALL2820 Trial Comparing Ponatinib plus Blinatumomab to Imatinib and Chemotherapy for Newly Diagnosed Adult Ph+ Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients","volume":"146","author":"Chiaretti","year":"2025","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2025016845","article-title":"A Phase 1 Study of Blinatumomab\/Lenalidomide in Relapsed\/Refractory B-Cell Lymphoma: Toxicity, Efficacy, and Correlative Analysis","volume":"10","author":"Tuscano","year":"2026","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-022-06982-7","article-title":"Safety of AFM11 in the Treatment of Patients with B-Cell Malignancies: Findings from Two Phase 1 Studies","volume":"24","author":"Topp","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"ref_71","unstructured":"(2026, May 24). BLINCYTO\u00ae (Blinatumomab) Clinical Data\u2014Pediatric & AYA 20120215 Study. Available online: https:\/\/www.blincytohcp.com\/clinical-data\/pediatric-aya\/20120215-study."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2411680","article-title":"Blinatumomab in Standard-Risk B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Children","volume":"392","author":"Gupta","year":"2025","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-022-01749-5","article-title":"Mosunetuzumab: First Approval","volume":"82","author":"Kang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2024025454","article-title":"Long-Term 3-Year Follow-up of Mosunetuzumab in Relapsed or Refractory Follicular Lymphoma after \u22652 Prior Therapies","volume":"145","author":"Sehn","year":"2025","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.70225","article-title":"Fixed-Duration Subcutaneous Mosunetuzumab in Relapsed\/Refractory Follicular Lymphoma: Pivotal Phase 2 Primary Analysis","volume":"101","author":"Bartlett","year":"2026","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2250","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.23.02329","article-title":"Durable Responses with Mosunetuzumab in Relapsed\/Refractory Indolent and Aggressive B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas: Extended Follow-Up of a Phase I\/II Study","volume":"42","author":"Budde","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S758","DOI":"10.1016\/S2152-2650(25)02300-6","article-title":"ABCL-777: Initial Results from LOTIS-7: A Phase 1b Study of Loncastuximab Tesirine Plus Glofitamab in Patients with Relapsed\/Refractory (R\/R) Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL)","volume":"25","author":"Alderuccio","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3788","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO-25-00992","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of Glofitamab Plus Polatuzumab Vedotin in Relapsed\/Refractory Large B-Cell Lymphoma Including High-Grade B-Cell Lymphoma: Results from a Phase Ib\/II Trial","volume":"43","author":"Hutchings","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2595","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO-25-00481","article-title":"Glofitamab Combined with Pola-R-CHP or R-CHOP as First Therapy in Younger Patients with High-Risk Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Results from the COALITION Study","volume":"43","author":"Minson","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-025-00941-2","article-title":"Glofitamab in Refractory or Relapsed Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma after Failing CAR-T Cell Therapy: A Phase 2 LYSA Study","volume":"6","author":"Cartron","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2025.07.014","article-title":"Lymphomas: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for Diagnosis, Treatment and Follow-Up","volume":"36","author":"Eyre","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2220","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2206913","article-title":"Glofitamab for Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma","volume":"387","author":"Dickinson","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_83","unstructured":"Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (2025). FDA Approves Epcoritamab-Bysp for Follicular Lymphoma Indications, FDA."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)02360-8","article-title":"Epcoritamab, Lenalidomide, and Rituximab versus Lenalidomide and Rituximab for Relapsed or Refractory Follicular Lymphoma (EPCORE FL-1): A Global, Open-Label, Randomised, Phase 3 Trial","volume":"407","author":"Falchi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_85","unstructured":"(2026, May 13). Odronextamab BLA Accepted for FDA Review for the Treatment of Relapsed\/Refractory Follicular Lymphoma\u2014Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. Available online: https:\/\/investor.regeneron.com\/news-releases\/news-release-details\/odronextamab-bla-accepted-fda-review-treatment\/."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2024.08.2239","article-title":"Safety and Efficacy of Odronextamab in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Follicular Lymphoma","volume":"35","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2025-65","article-title":"Odronextamab plus Chemotherapy in Patients with Previously Untreated Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL): First Results from Part 1 of the Phase 3 Olympia-3 Study","volume":"146","author":"Michot","year":"2025","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2024027044","article-title":"Odronextamab Monotherapy in R\/R DLBCL after Progression with CAR T-Cell Therapy: Primary Analysis of the ELM-1 Study","volume":"145","author":"Topp","year":"2025","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4497","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2024-203668","article-title":"Plamotamab: First Presentation of Subcutaneous Administration in a Phase 1 Dose Escalation Study in Heavily Pretreated R\/R NHL Patients Who Had Prior CAR-T Cell Therapy","volume":"144","author":"Riedell","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_90","unstructured":"Xencor, Inc. (2024). A Phase 2 Randomized, Open-Label, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of XmAb13676 (Plamotamab) Combined with Tafasitamab Plus Lenalidomide Versus Tafasitamab Plus Lenalidomide in Subjects with Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, Xencor, Inc.. clinicaltrials.gov."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5515","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-24-1872","article-title":"FDA Approval Summary: Teclistamab\u2013A Bispecific CD3 T-Cell Engager for Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma","volume":"30","author":"Baines","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_92","unstructured":"Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (2026). FDA Approves Teclistamab in Combination with Daratumumab Hyaluronidase-Fihj for Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma, FDA."},{"key":"ref_93","unstructured":"(2026, May 14). TECVAYLI\u00ae\u25bc (Teclistamab) Monotherapy Application Submitted to the EMA for Relapsed\/Refractory Multiple Myeloma After at Least One Prior Therapy. Available online: https:\/\/www.jnj.com\/media-center\/press-releases\/tecvayli-teclistamab-monotherapy-application-submitted-to-the-ema-for-relapsed-refractory-multiple-myeloma-after-at-least-one-prior-therapy."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2024-205608","article-title":"Phase 3 Study of Teclistamab (Tec) in Combination with Lenalidomide (Len) and Tec Alone Versus Len Alone in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma (NDMM) As Maintenance Therapy Following Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation (ASCT): Safety Run-in (SRI) Results from the Majestec-4\/EMN30 Trial","volume":"144","author":"Zamagni","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_95","first-page":"1","article-title":"Consensus Guidelines and Recommendations for The CD38 Monoclonal Antibody-Based Quadruplet Therapy and Management in Clinical Practice for Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma: From the Pan-Pacific Multiple Myeloma Working Group","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Hematol. Int."},{"key":"ref_96","unstructured":"Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (2025). FDA Grants Accelerated Approval to Linvoseltamab-Gcpt for Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma, FDA."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-025-02207-8","article-title":"Linvoseltamab: First Approval","volume":"85","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2025.11.004","article-title":"Linvoseltamab in Patients with Relapsed\/Refractory Multiple Myeloma in the LINKER-MM1 Study: Longer Follow-Up and Subgroup Analyses","volume":"26","author":"Lee","year":"2026","journal-title":"Clin. Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e465366a","DOI":"10.1097\/01.HS9.0000975296.46536.6a","article-title":"PB2133: Trial in Progress: Linker-Mm3, a Phase 3, Open-Label, Randomized Study of Linvoseltamab Versus Elotuzumab, Pomalidomide, and Dexamethasone (EPD) in Relapsed\/Refractory Multiple Myeloma (RRMM)","volume":"7","author":"Weisel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hemasphere"},{"key":"ref_100","unstructured":"(2026, July 18). Treatment of Multiple Myeloma: ASCO Living Guideline\u2014ASCO Publications. Available online: https:\/\/ascopubs.org\/guidelines\/treatment-multiple-myeloma-asco-living-guideline?doi=10.5555%2Fguidelines&publicationCode=guidelines."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2259","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02528-9","article-title":"Elranatamab in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma: Phase 2 MagnetisMM-3 Trial Results","volume":"29","author":"Lesokhin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-023-01954-w","article-title":"Elranatamab: First Approval","volume":"83","author":"Dhillon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_103","unstructured":"Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (2023). FDA Grants Accelerated Approval to Elranatamab-Bcmm for Multiple Myeloma, FDA."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-025-02841-x","article-title":"Alnuctamab, a Bivalent B-Cell Maturation Antigen-Targeting T Cell Engager for Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma: Results from a Phase 1, First-in-Human Study","volume":"40","author":"Bar","year":"2026","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_105","unstructured":"Celgene (2026). A Phase 1b\/2a, Multicenter, Open-Label Study to Determine the Recommended Dose and Schedule, and Evaluate the Safety and Preliminary Efficacy of Alnuctamab in Combination with Mezigdomide in Participants with Relapsed and\/or Refractory Multiple Myeloma, Celgene. clinicaltrials.gov."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3576","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.01504","article-title":"A Phase I First-in-Human Study of ABBV-383, a B-Cell Maturation Antigen \u00d7 CD3 Bispecific T-Cell Redirecting Antibody, in Patients with Relapsed\/Refractory Multiple Myeloma","volume":"40","author":"Shah","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_107","first-page":"260","article-title":"Preclinical Characterization of ISB 1342, a CD38 \u00d7 CD3 T-Cell Engager for Relapsed\/Refractory Multiple Myeloma","volume":"142","author":"Pouleau","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3339","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2023-186664","article-title":"Dose Escalation of ISB 1342, a Novel CD38 \u00d7 CD3 Bispecific Antibody, in Patients with Relapsed\/Refractory Multiple Myeloma (RRMM)","volume":"142","author":"Kapoor","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-023-01945-x","article-title":"Talquetamab: First Approval","volume":"83","author":"Keam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e269","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(24)00385-5","article-title":"Safety and Activity of Talquetamab in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma (MonumenTAL-1): A Multicentre, Open-Label, Phase 1\u20132 Study","volume":"12","author":"Chari","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2406536","article-title":"Talquetamab plus Teclistamab in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma","volume":"392","author":"Cohen","year":"2025","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2024-199542","article-title":"Cevostamab in Patients with Heavily Pretreated Relapsed\/Refractory Multiple Myeloma (RRMM): Updated Results from an Ongoing Phase I Study Demonstrate Clinically Meaningful Activity and Manageable Safety and Inform the Doses and Regimen for Combination Studies","volume":"144","author":"Richter","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/s40364-025-00803-0","article-title":"Emerging Therapeutic Agents in Multiple Myeloma: Highlights from the 2024 ASH Annual Meeting","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomark. Res."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4732","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2024-199519","article-title":"Biomarker Correlates and Clinical Activity of Cevostamab in Patients (Pts) with Triple-Class Refractory Multiple Myeloma (MM) Who Have Received \u22651 Prior B-Cell Maturation Antigen (BCMA)-Targeted Bispecific Antibody (BsAb): Results from the Phase I\/II CAMMA 2 Study","volume":"144","author":"Delforge","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020007732","article-title":"Flotetuzumab as Salvage Immunotherapy for Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"137","author":"Uy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6492","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2023010956","article-title":"Phase 1 Study of Vibecotamab Identifies an Optimized Dose for Treatment of Relapsed\/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"7","author":"Ravandi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.13467","article-title":"First-in-Human Study of JNJ-63709178, a CD123\/CD3 Targeting Antibody, in Relapsed\/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"16","author":"Boyiadzis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7793","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-63069-y","article-title":"The Bispecific Innate Cell Engager AFM28 Eliminates CD123+ Leukemic Stem and Progenitor Cells in AML and MDS","volume":"16","author":"Schmitt","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2023023568","article-title":"Management of ALL in Adults: 2024 ELN Recommendations from a European Expert Panel","volume":"143","author":"Boissel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2023.09.3112","article-title":"ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline Interim Update on the Use of Targeted Therapy in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia","volume":"35","author":"Hoelzer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-023-01482-w","article-title":"Bi- and Trispecific Immune Cell Engagers for Immunotherapy of Hematological Malignancies","volume":"16","author":"Sanz","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1992","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2024-204614","article-title":"First-in-Human Phase 1 Study of SAR442257 in Patients with Relapsed\/Refractory Multiple Myeloma and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma","volume":"144","author":"Schjesvold","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2025030027","article-title":"Ramantamig (JNJ-79635322), a Novel T-Cell-Engaging Trispecific Antibody Targeting BCMA, GPRC5D, and CD3, in Multiple Myeloma Models","volume":"147","author":"Pillarisetti","year":"2026","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_124","unstructured":"Innovent Biologics (2026, June 09). ASH 2025 Oral Presentation: Innovent Biologics Announces Initial Results of the First-in-Human Phase 1 Study of Trispecific Antibody IBI3003 in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma. Available online: https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/ash-2025-oral-presentation-innovent-biologics-announces-initial-results-of-the-first-in-human-phase-1-study-of-trispecific-antibody-ibi3003-in-relapsed-or-refractory-multiple-myeloma-302634871.html."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuchnio, A., Yang, D., Vloemans, N., Cornelissen, I., Amorim, R., Perova, T., Lowenstein, C., Janssen, L., Suls, T., and Bekkers, M. (2026). Characterization of JNJ-80948543 a Novel CD79bxCD20xCD3 Trispecific Antibody for B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Haematologica, ahead of print.","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2025.288473"},{"key":"ref_126","unstructured":"(2026, May 12). Overview: GT Biopharma, Inc. (GTBP). Available online: https:\/\/www.gtbiopharma.com\/product-pipeline\/overview."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6947","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2025-6947","article-title":"Gtb-3650 (Anti-CD16\/IL-15\/Anti-CD33) Tri-Specific Killer Engager (TriKE\u00ae) for the Treatment of High Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) and Refractory\/Relapsed (R\/R) Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) (NCT06594445)","volume":"146","author":"Juckett","year":"2025","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_128","unstructured":"GT Biopharma, Inc. (2022). GTB-3550 (CD16\/IL-15\/CD33)Tri-Specific Killer Engager (TriKE\u00ae) for the Treatment of High Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes, Refractory\/Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Advanced Systemic Mastocytosis, GT Biopharma, Inc.. clinicaltrials.gov."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1080\/08830185.2021.1960986","article-title":"Antibody Engineering and Its Therapeutic Applications","volume":"42","author":"Kandari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2018.188888","article-title":"Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin for de Novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Final Efficacy and Safety Updates from the Open-Label, Phase III ALFA-0701 Trial","volume":"104","author":"Lambert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4854","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-01-466706","article-title":"A Phase 3 Study of Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin during Induction and Postconsolidation Therapy in Younger Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"121","author":"Petersdorf","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2017-0604","article-title":"FDA Approval Summary: Mylotarg for Treatment of Patients with Relapsed or Refractory CD33-Positive Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"23","author":"Norsworthy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3149","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.03048","article-title":"Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin Improves Event-Free Survival and Reduces Relapse in Pediatric KMT2A-Rearranged AML: Results from the Phase III Children\u2019s Oncology Group Trial AAML0531","volume":"39","author":"Pollard","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_134","unstructured":"Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (2024). FDA Approves Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin for CD33-Positive AML in Pediatric Patients, FDA."},{"key":"ref_135","first-page":"1225","article-title":"A Phase III Clinical Trial Evaluating Efficacy and Safety of Minimal Residual Disease-Based Risk Stratification for Children with Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Incorporating a Randomized Study of Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin in Combination with Post-Induction Chemotherapy for Non-Low-Risk Patients (JPLSG-AML-20)","volume":"52","author":"Tomizawa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-17-1077","article-title":"IMGN779, a Novel CD33-Targeting Antibody-Drug Conjugate with DNA-Alkylating Activity, Exhibits Potent Antitumor Activity in Models of AML","volume":"17","author":"Kovtun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2021.0002","article-title":"NCCN Guidelines Insights: Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Version 2.2021: Featured Updates to the NCCN Guidelines","volume":"19","author":"Pollyea","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Natl. Compr. Cancer Netw."},{"key":"ref_138","unstructured":"(2026, May 21). Ibritumomab Tiuxetan\u2014An Overview\u2014ScienceDirect Topics. Available online: https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/medicine-and-dentistry\/ibritumomab-tiuxetan."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1586\/14737140.2.5.485","article-title":"Zevalin: The First Radioimmunotherapy Approved for the Treatment of Lymphoma","volume":"2","year":"2002","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Anticancer. Ther."},{"key":"ref_140","unstructured":"(2026, May 25). Zevalin\u2014European Medicines Agency (EMA). Available online: https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/medicines\/human\/EPAR\/zevalin."},{"key":"ref_141","unstructured":"Stenger, M. (2026, May 28). FDA Approves Brentuximab Vedotin in Two Lymphoma Indications. Available online: https:\/\/ascopost.com\/issues\/september-15-2011\/fda-approves-brentuximab-vedotin-in-two-lymphoma-indications\/."},{"key":"ref_142","unstructured":"Stenger, M. (2026, June 09). Brentuximab Vedotin for Consolidation Therapy in High-Risk Hodgkin Lymphoma. Available online: https:\/\/ascopost.com\/issues\/september-10-2015\/brentuximab-vedotin-for-consolidation-therapy-in-high-risk-hodgkin-lymphoma\/."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2639","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-07-861641","article-title":"Five-Year PFS from the AETHERA Trial of Brentuximab Vedotin for Hodgkin Lymphoma at High Risk of Progression or Relapse","volume":"132","author":"Moskowitz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_144","unstructured":"Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (2019). FDA Approves Brentuximab Vedotin for Previously Untreated sALCL and CD30-Expressing PTCL, FDA."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)33123-4","article-title":"Department of Error","volume":"393","author":"Horwitz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2206125","article-title":"Overall Survival with Brentuximab Vedotin in Stage III or IV Hodgkin\u2019s Lymphoma","volume":"387","author":"Ansell","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_147","unstructured":"Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (2025). FDA Approves Brentuximab Vedotin with Lenalidomide and Rituximab for Relapsed or Refractory Large B-Cell Lymphoma, FDA."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO-24-02242","article-title":"Brentuximab Vedotin Combination for Relapsed Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma","volume":"43","author":"Bartlett","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_149","unstructured":"Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (2024). FDA D.I.S.C.O. Burst Edition: FDA Approval of Adcetris (Brentuximab Vedotin) in Combination with Chemotherapy for Pediatric Patients with Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma, FDA."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2206660","article-title":"Brentuximab Vedotin with Chemotherapy in Pediatric High-Risk Hodgkin\u2019s Lymphoma","volume":"387","author":"Castellino","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2022019536","article-title":"Brentuximab Vedotin with Dacarbazine or Nivolumab as Frontline cHL Therapy for Older Patients Ineligible for Chemotherapy","volume":"143","author":"Friedberg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2405888","article-title":"Nivolumab+AVD in Advanced-Stage Classic Hodgkin\u2019s Lymphoma","volume":"391","author":"Herrera","year":"2024","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e671","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(24)00171-6","article-title":"Brentuximab Vedotin plus Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Etoposide, and Prednisone Followed by Brentuximab Vedotin Consolidation in CD30-Positive Peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas: A Multicentre, Single-Arm, Phase 2 Study","volume":"11","author":"Herrera","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2026.0006","article-title":"Hodgkin Lymphoma, Version 1.2026, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines In Oncology","volume":"24","author":"Advani","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Natl. Compr. Cancer Netw."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32984-2","article-title":"Brentuximab Vedotin with Chemotherapy for CD30-Positive Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma (ECHELON-2): A Global, Double-Blind, Randomised, Phase 3 Trial","volume":"393","author":"Horwitz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_156","unstructured":"(2026, May 05). FDA Approves Inotuzumab Ozogamicin (Besponsa) for ALL. Available online: https:\/\/www.medscape.com\/viewarticle\/884434."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3226","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2023012430","article-title":"Association of Leukemic Molecular Profile with Efficacy of Inotuzumab Ozogamicin in Adults with Relapsed\/Refractory ALL","volume":"8","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_158","unstructured":"Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (2024). FDA Approves Inotuzumab Ozogamicin for Pediatric Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, FDA."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.23.00546","article-title":"Inotuzumab Ozogamicin as Induction Therapy for Patients Older Than 55 Years with Philadelphia Chromosome-Negative B-Precursor ALL","volume":"42","author":"Stelljes","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2024.12.016","article-title":"Inotuzumab Ozogamicin as First-Line Therapy in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia","volume":"25","author":"Jabbour","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2024.0051","article-title":"Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Version 2.2024, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology","volume":"22","author":"Shah","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Natl. Compr. Cancer Netw."},{"key":"ref_162","unstructured":"Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (2020). FDA D.I.S.C.O.: FDA Approval of Moxetumomab Pasudotox-Tdfk for Relapsed or Refractory Hairy Cell Leukemia, FDA."},{"key":"ref_163","unstructured":"(2026, May 25). Moxetumomab Approved for Hairy Cell Leukemia\u2014NCI, Available online: https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/news-events\/cancer-currents-blog\/2018\/moxetumomab-fda-hairy-cell-leukemia."},{"key":"ref_164","unstructured":"(2026, July 19). Lumoxiti\u2014European Medicines Agency (EMA). Available online: https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/medicines\/human\/EPAR\/lumoxiti."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.01693","article-title":"Phase II Trial of Inotuzumab Ozogamicin in Children and Adolescents with Relapsed or Refractory B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Children\u2019s Oncology Group Protocol AALL1621","volume":"40","author":"Ji","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4327","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.24.00490","article-title":"Inotuzumab Ozogamicin and Low-Intensity Chemotherapy in Older Patients with Newly Diagnosed CD22+ Philadelphia Chromosome\u2013Negative B-Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia","volume":"42","author":"Chevallier","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7006","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2023.41.16_suppl.7006","article-title":"Chemotherapy-Free Treatment with Inotuzumab Ozogamicin and Blinatumomab for Older Adults with Newly Diagnosed, Ph-Negative, CD22-Positive, B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Alliance A041703","volume":"41","author":"Wieduwilt","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-019-01175-0","article-title":"Polatuzumab Vedotin: First Global Approval","volume":"79","author":"Deeks","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5521","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-24-1729","article-title":"FDA Approval Summary: Polatuzumab Vedotin in the First-Line Treatment of Select Large B-Cell Lymphomas","volume":"30","author":"Kasamon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO-25-02667","article-title":"Erratum: Five-Year Outcomes of the POLARIX Study Comparing Pola-R-CHP and R-CHOP in Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma","volume":"44","author":"Morschhauser","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3799","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO-25-01957","article-title":"Mosunetuzumab Plus Polatuzumab Vedotin in Transplant-Ineligible Refractory\/Relapsed Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Primary Results of the Phase III SUNMO Trial","volume":"43","author":"Budde","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-021-01550-w","article-title":"Loncastuximab Tesirine: First Approval","volume":"81","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(21)00139-X","article-title":"Loncastuximab Tesirine in Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (LOTIS-2): A Multicentre, Open-Label, Single-Arm, Phase 2 Trial","volume":"22","author":"Caimi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_174","first-page":"1184","article-title":"Loncastuximab Tesirine in Relapsed\/Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Long-Term Efficacy and Safety from the Phase II LOTIS-2 Study","volume":"109","author":"Caimi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2019000767","article-title":"Loncastuximab Tesirine, an Anti-CD19 Antibody-Drug Conjugate, in Relapsed\/Refractory B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia","volume":"4","author":"Jain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(24)00345-4","article-title":"Loncastuximab Tesirine with Rituximab in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Follicular Lymphoma: A Single-Centre, Single-Arm, Phase 2 Trial","volume":"12","author":"Alderuccio","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol."},{"key":"ref_177","unstructured":"(2026, July 19). ZYNLONTA\u00ae (Loncastuximab Tesirine-Lpyl)\u2014For 3L DLBCL. Available online: https:\/\/www.zynlontahcp.com\/."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(19)30788-0","article-title":"Belantamab Mafodotin for Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma (DREAMM-2): A Two-Arm, Randomised, Open-Label, Phase 2 Study","volume":"21","author":"Lonial","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-020-01404-x","article-title":"Belantamab Mafodotin: First Approval","volume":"80","author":"Markham","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_180","unstructured":"Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (2024). FDA Granted Accelerated Approval to Belantamab Mafodotin-Blmf for Multiple Myeloma, FDA."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e801","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(23)00243-0","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of Single-Agent Belantamab Mafodotin versus Pomalidomide plus Low-Dose Dexamethasone in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma (DREAMM-3): A Phase 3, Open-Label, Randomised Study","volume":"10","author":"Dimopoulos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol."},{"key":"ref_182","unstructured":"(2026, April 24). Blenrep (Belantamab Mafodotin) Approved in China for Treatment of 2L+ Relapsed\/Refractory Multiple Myeloma\u2014GSK. Available online: https:\/\/www.gsk.com\/en-gb\/media\/press-releases\/blenrep-belantamab-mafodotin-approved-in-china-for-treatment-of-2lplus-relapsedrefractory-multiple-myeloma\/."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2403407","article-title":"Belantamab Mafodotin, Pomalidomide, and Dexamethasone in Multiple Myeloma","volume":"391","author":"Dimopoulos","year":"2024","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh, R.K., Jones, R.J., Shirazi, F., Qin, L., Zou, J., Hong, S., Wang, H., Lee, H.C., Patel, K.K., and Wan, J. (2024). Novel Anti-B-Cell Maturation Antigen Alpha-Amanitin Antibody-Drug Conjugate HDP-101 Shows Superior Activity to Belantamab Mafodotin and Enhanced Efficacy in Deletion 17p Myeloma Models. Research Square.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3843028\/v1"},{"key":"ref_185","unstructured":"Heidelberg Pharma AG (2024). A Phase 1\/2a, First-in-Human Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Efficacy of HDP-101 in Patients with Plasma Cell Disorders Including Multiple Myeloma, Heidelberg Pharma AG. clinicaltrials.gov."},{"key":"ref_186","unstructured":"Hangzhou Zhongmei Huadong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (2026). A Phase 1 Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Efficacy of HDP-101 in Chinese Patients with Plasma Cell Disorders Including Multiple Myeloma, Hangzhou Zhongmei Huadong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.. clinicaltrials.gov."},{"key":"ref_187","unstructured":"(2026, April 24). Heidelberg Pharma Receives Fast Track Designation from the US FDA for Its Lead ADC Candidate HDP-101 for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma\u2014Drugs.Com MedNews. Available online: https:\/\/www.drugs.com\/clinical_trials\/heidelberg-pharma-receives-fast-track-designation-us-fda-lead-adc-candidate-hdp-101-multiple-myeloma-22216.html."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e794","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(21)00208-8","article-title":"Indatuximab Ravtansine plus Dexamethasone with Lenalidomide or Pomalidomide in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma: A Multicentre, Phase 1\/2a Study","volume":"8","author":"Kelly","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2019.02.006","article-title":"Indatuximab Ravtansine (BT062) Monotherapy in Patients with Relapsed and\/or Refractory Multiple Myeloma","volume":"19","author":"Jagannath","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-016-0380-0","article-title":"Indatuximab Ravtansine (BT062) Combination Treatment in Multiple Myeloma: Pre-Clinical Studies","volume":"10","author":"Zuber","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e433","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(21)00103-4","article-title":"Camidanlumab Tesirine in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Lymphoma: A Phase 1, Open-Label, Multicentre, Dose-Escalation, Dose-Expansion Study","volume":"8","author":"Hamadani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6205","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2024015600","article-title":"Camidanlumab Tesirine for Relapsed or Refractory Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Phase 2 Study","volume":"9","author":"Herrera","year":"2025","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_193","unstructured":"The ASCO Post Staff (2026, May 27). BPDCN: FDA Approves Pivekimab Sunirine-Pvzy. Available online: https:\/\/ascopost.com\/news\/may-2026\/bpdcn-fda-approves-pivekimab-sunirine-pvzy\/."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO-25-02083","article-title":"Pivekimab Sunirine in Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm","volume":"44","author":"Pemmaraju","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(23)00674-5","article-title":"Pivekimab Sunirine (IMGN632), a Novel CD123-Targeting Antibody-Drug Conjugate, in Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukaemia: A Phase 1\/2 Study","volume":"25","author":"Daver","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2025.107690","article-title":"Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of ASP1235 in Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Phase 1 Study","volume":"152","author":"Minden","year":"2025","journal-title":"Leuk. Res."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2531223","DOI":"10.1080\/19420862.2025.2531223","article-title":"Innovative Strategies for T Cell Engagers for Cancer Immunotherapy","volume":"17","author":"Bergamaschi","year":"2025","journal-title":"mAbs"},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0564-6","article-title":"Clinical Lessons Learned from the First Leg of the CAR T Cell Journey","volume":"25","author":"Majzner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-025-01291-5","article-title":"In Vivo Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T Cell Therapy","volume":"25","author":"Bot","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_200","unstructured":"(2026, February 08). FDA Label, Available online: https:\/\/nctr-crs.fda.gov\/fdalabel\/ui\/spl-summaries\/criteria\/378067."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.2174\/0113892010257212231001082741","article-title":"FDA-Approved CAR T-Cell Therapy: A Decade of Progress and Challenges","volume":"25","author":"Ong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.00642","article-title":"Three-Year Update of Tisagenlecleucel in Pediatric and Young Adult Patients with Relapsed\/Refractory Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in the ELIANA Trial","volume":"41","author":"Laetsch","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_203","unstructured":"Novartis Pharmaceuticals (2026). A Phase II Trial of Tisagenlecleucel in First-Line High-Risk (HR) Pediatric and Young Adult Patients with B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (B-ALL) Who Are Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) Positive at the End of Consolidation (EOC) Therapy, Novartis Pharmaceuticals. clinicaltrials.gov."},{"key":"ref_204","unstructured":"Medical University of South Carolina (2025). A Phase 1b Dose Escalation Study of Metabolically Fit CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T Cells with CD34 Selection Markers in Adult Patients with Relapsed or Refractory CD19 B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia\/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Medical University of South Carolina. clinicaltrials.gov."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052","article-title":"CAR-T Cell Therapy for Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Advances and Outcomes","volume":"33","author":"Khalifeh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nogami, A., and Sasaki, K. (2022). Therapeutic Advances in Immunotherapies for Hematological Malignancies. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911526"},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2023.283817","article-title":"Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy in Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia: How Far Are We from a Clinical Application?","volume":"109","author":"Naik","year":"2024","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-025-01708-z","article-title":"CD19 CAR-T in Relapsed t(8;21) AML: A Single-Center Prospective Phase II Clinical Trial","volume":"18","author":"Yin","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V130.Suppl_1.811.811","article-title":"Remissions of Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm Following Treatment with CD123-Specific CAR T Cells: A First-in-Human Clinical Trial","volume":"130","author":"Budde","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_210","unstructured":"Kite, A Gilead Company (2025). A Phase 1 Open-Label, Multicenter Study Evaluating the Safety of KITE-222, an Autologous Anti-CLL-1 CAR T-Cell Therapy, in Subjects with Relapsed\/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Kite Pharma. clinicaltrials.gov."},{"key":"ref_211","unstructured":"Vor Biopharma (2025). Phase 1\/2 Study of Donor-Derived Anti-CD33 Chimeric Antigen Receptor Expressing T Cells (VCAR33) in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Vor Biopharma. clinicaltrials.gov."},{"key":"ref_212","first-page":"615","article-title":"Successful Application of PD-1 Knockdown CLL-1 CAR-T Therapy in Two AML Patients with Post-Transplant Relapse and Failure of Anti-CD38 CAR-T Cell Treatment","volume":"12","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_213","first-page":"1359","article-title":"Treating Relapsed\/Refractory (RR) AML with Biodegradable Anti-CD123 CAR Modified T Cells","volume":"130","author":"Bmbs","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"PR14","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6074.TUMIMM18-PR14","article-title":"Abstract PR14: CD123CAR Displays Clinical Activity in Relapsed\/Refractory (r\/r) Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm (BPDCN): Safety and Efficacy Results from a Phase 1 Study","volume":"8","author":"Budde","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3697","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03271-5","article-title":"Cytokine-Mediated CAR T Therapy Resistance in AML","volume":"30","author":"Bhagwat","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2076","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2024-208795","article-title":"CD123-CAR T Cells Manufactured in the Presence of Dasatinib Induce High Grade CRS and\/or IEC-HS without Improving Efficacy in Pediatric Patients with Recurrent\/Refractory Leukemia","volume":"144","author":"Naik","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2367","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-168877","article-title":"Phase 1 Dose Escalation Study of the Rapidly Switchable Universal CAR-T Therapy Unicar-T-CD123 in Relapsed\/Refractory AML","volume":"140","author":"Ehninger","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2371","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-169928","article-title":"Ameli-01: A Phase I Trial of UCART123v1.2, an Anti-CD123 Allogeneic CAR-T Cell Product, in Adult Patients with Relapsed or Refractory (R\/R) CD123+ Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)","volume":"140","author":"Sallman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-025-01764-5","article-title":"Updated Data of CLL1 CAR-T Cell Therapy in Adult Patients with Relapsed\/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_220","unstructured":"Clinical Study Protocol (2026, May 12). A Phase 1 Open-Label, Multicenter Study Evaluating the Safety of KITE-222, an Autologous Anti-CLL-1 CAR T-Cell Therapy, in Subjects with Relapsed\/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Available online: https:\/\/cdn.clinicaltrials.gov\/large-docs\/08\/NCT04789408\/Prot_000.pdf."},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9655","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.5916","article-title":"Anti-CLL1-based CAR T-cells with 4-1-BB or CD28\/CD27 Stimulatory Domains in Treating Childhood Refractory\/Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"12","author":"Pei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3549","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-20-4543","article-title":"Anti-CLL1 Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy in Children with Relapsed\/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"27","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3282","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-021-01232-2","article-title":"Autologous CD33-CAR-T Cells for Treatment of Relapsed\/Refractory Acute Myelogenous Leukemia","volume":"35","author":"Tambaro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2025031053","article-title":"A Phase 1\/2 Study of Donor-Derived Anti-CD33 CAR T-Cell Therapy (VCAR33) for Relapsed\/Refractory AML after Allogeneic HCT","volume":"147","author":"Mushtaq","year":"2026","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_225","unstructured":"Clinical Trial (2026, May 12). Dual CD33-CLL1-CAR-T Cells in the treatment of Relapsed\/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Available online: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT05016063."},{"key":"ref_226","first-page":"338","article-title":"The Tandem CD33-CLL1 CAR-T as an Approach to Treat Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Blood Transfus."},{"key":"ref_227","unstructured":"(2026, February 24). CD33\/CLL1 Compound CAR T Cells in Relapsed\/Refractory AML. Available online: https:\/\/aml-hub.com\/medical-information\/cd33cll1-compound-car-t-cells-in-relapsedrefractory-aml."},{"key":"ref_228","unstructured":"Zhujiang Hospital (2021). The Prospective, Multi-Center and Single-Arm Clinical Study of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T(CAR-T) Cells Therapy in Relapsed\/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Zhujiang Hospital. clinicaltrials.gov."},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.70019","article-title":"CD123-targeting Immunotherapeutic Approaches in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia","volume":"207","author":"Dreyzin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-026-06742-6","article-title":"Next-Generation CAR-T Therapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Bridging Innovation with Clinical Translation","volume":"105","author":"Zhao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ann. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2024024861","article-title":"Nanobody-Based Naturally Selected CD7-Targeted CAR-T Therapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"145","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4418","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2022007059","article-title":"CD38 as a Pan-Hematologic Target for Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells","volume":"7","author":"Diorio","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cui, Q., Liang, P., Dai, H., Cui, W., Cai, M., Ding, Z., Ma, Q., Yin, J., Li, Z., and Liu, S. (2022). Case Report: CD38-Directed CAR-T Cell Therapy: A Novel Immunotherapy Targeting CD38- Positive Blasts Overcomes TKI and Chemotherapy Resistance of Myeloid Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Blastic Phase. Front. Immunol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1012981"},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.19328","article-title":"Corrigendum to \u2018FLT3-Directed UniCAR T-Cell Therapy of Acute Myeloid Leukaemia","volume":"204","author":"Peschke","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111299","article-title":"Targeting the NKG2D\/NKG2D-L Axis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"137","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e191","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(22)00378-7","article-title":"CYAD-01, an Autologous NKG2D-Based CAR T-Cell Therapy, in Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukaemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes or Multiple Myeloma (THINK): Haematological Cohorts of the Dose Escalation Segment of a Phase 1 Trial","volume":"10","author":"Sallman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol."},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2432","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-025-02705-4","article-title":"A Novel Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy Targeting CD84 for the Treatment of Acute Myeloid and T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemias","volume":"39","author":"Frigola","year":"2025","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.70074","article-title":"Exploring SLAMF5\/CD84 in Cancer: Advancing the Frontiers of Tumor Immunology","volume":"49","author":"Rab","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Biol. Int."},{"key":"ref_239","unstructured":"First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University (2025). Clinical Study on the Safety and Efficacy of Autologous CD84 Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy for Adult Relapsed\/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University. clinicaltrials.gov."},{"key":"ref_240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.12.058","article-title":"CD96 as a Therapeutic Target for CAR T-Cell Therapy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"34","author":"Gao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116170","article-title":"Identification of Siglec-15 as a Novel Target for CAR-T Cell Therapy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"172","author":"Cui","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2640457","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2026.2640457","article-title":"Preclinical Advances and Mechanistic Insights of CAR-T Therapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia: From Target Iteration to Microenvironment Regulation","volume":"58","author":"Xiao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"key":"ref_243","first-page":"103385","article-title":"CAR-T Cells Targeting IL-1RAP Produced in a Closed Semiautomatic System Are Ready for the First Phase I Clinical Investigation in Humans","volume":"71","author":"Nicod","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-024-01604-y","article-title":"Proteasome Inhibition Enhances the Anti-Leukemic Efficacy of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) Expressing NK Cells against Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"17","author":"Sedloev","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_245","first-page":"e94807","article-title":"Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Engineered Natural Killer (CAR-NK) Cell Therapy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Systematic Review of the Literature","volume":"17","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40164-024-00592-6","article-title":"Safety and Efficacy of CD33-Targeted CAR-NK Cell Therapy for Relapsed\/Refractory AML: Preclinical Evaluation and Phase I Trial","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exp. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70328","DOI":"10.1002\/hem3.70328","article-title":"In Vivo CAR Therapies: Turning the Patient into Their Own CAR Factory","volume":"10","author":"Vilcot","year":"2026","journal-title":"Hemasphere"},{"key":"ref_248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1158\/1538-7445.AM2026-145","article-title":"Abstract 145: CD8 Nanobody-Targeted Lipid Nanoparticles Encapsulating CD13 nanoCAR Circular RNAs for in Situ CAR-T Cell Eradication of Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"86","author":"Huang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_249","unstructured":"(2026, May 29). Cancer Types\u2014Find Your Cancer Type. Available online: https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/types.html."},{"key":"ref_250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-018-0014-3","article-title":"Simultaneous Multiple Interaction T-Cell Engaging (SMITE) Bispecific Antibodies Overcome Bispecific T-Cell Engager (BiTE) Resistance Via CD28 Co-Stimulation","volume":"32","author":"Correnti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dal Bo, M., Gambirasi, M., Vruzhaj, I., Cecchin, E., Pishdadian, A., Toffoli, G., and Safa, A. (2025). Targeting Aging Hallmarks with Monoclonal Antibodies: A New Era in Cancer Immunotherapy and Geriatric Medicine. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26114982"},{"key":"ref_252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2024.12.001","article-title":"Immune Senescence: A Key Player in Cancer Biology","volume":"108","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Semin. Cancer Biol."},{"key":"ref_253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-024-01193-6","article-title":"Impact of T Cell Characteristics on CAR-T Cell Therapy in Hematological Malignancies","volume":"14","author":"Tao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"ref_254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3044","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol29050247","article-title":"Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy","volume":"29","author":"Shiravand","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lau, H.-C., and Kwong, Y.-L. (2026). Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Hematological Malignancies: Current Status and Future Directions. Cancers, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers18030485"}],"container-title":["Cells"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/15\/16\/1439\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T15:17:09Z","timestamp":1786375029000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/15\/16\/1439"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"references-count":255,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["cells15161439"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells15161439","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]}}}