{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T04:29:47Z","timestamp":1786768187639,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":160,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01CA255802-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01CA255802-05"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["1R01CA255802-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01CA255802-05"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P20GM103629"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM103629"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["P20GM103629"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM103629"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04q48ey07","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Prostate cancer is common in older men, yet mechanisms linking aging to tumor progression remain incompletely defined. Beyond genetic alterations, aging reshapes the prostate microenvironment through cellular senescence, chronic low-grade inflammation, immune dysfunction, stromal remodeling, metabolic stress, and impaired tissue repair, collectively promoting inflammaging. This persistent inflammatory state may create a permissive niche for tumor initiation, progression, immune evasion, and treatment resistance. Senescent epithelial and stromal cells release cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, matrix-remodeling enzymes, and extracellular vesicles through the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). In parallel, immune aging alters T-cell subsets, myeloid cells, macrophages, and anti-tumor surveillance. This review summarizes how SASP programs, Th17\/Treg imbalance, IL-17\/IL-23 signaling, myeloid remodeling, stromal aging, metabolic stress, and immune\u2013stromal\u2013epithelial crosstalk shape prostate cancer biology. We further discuss therapeutic implications, including cytokine modulation, senescence-directed therapy, metabolic intervention, and biomarker-guided strategies. This review highlights key knowledge gaps and proposes a framework for age-aware prostate cancer research, biomarker development, and therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15161457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T17:01:35Z","timestamp":1786640495000},"page":"1457","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Potential Roles of Cellular Senescence and Inflammaging in Prostate Cancer: Aging Microenvironment, Immune Remodeling, and Therapeutic Implications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7346-5296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiuyang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keyi","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"485","article-title":"Prostate cancer statistics, 2025","volume":"75","author":"Kratzer","year":"2025","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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