{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T08:30:44Z","timestamp":1787041844811,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"National Science Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023\/51\/B\/NZ5\/00498"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023\/51\/B\/NZ5\/00498"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["2023\/51\/B\/NZ5\/00498"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023\/51\/B\/NZ5\/00498"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03ha2q922","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) signaling, along with key markers such as P16INK4a\/CDKN2A and LMNB1, has not been systematically studied in circulating lymphocyte subsets in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This study aimed to evaluate SASP-related genes and senescence markers in peripheral CD4+, CD8+, and CD19+ cells and assess their clinical relevance. Expression of IL-6, IL-1\u03b2, TNF\u03b1, CXCL1, P16INK4a\/CDKN2A, and LMNB1 was measured by RT-qPCR in sorted lymphocytes from 58 HNSCC patients at baseline, 31 post-treatment, and 13 controls. Statistical analyses included nonparametric tests, correlation analyses, and survival models (Kaplan\u2013Meier, Cox regression). In the results, LMNB1 was significantly upregulated in all lymphocyte subsets of HNSCC patients. IL-6, CXCL1, and IL-1\u03b2 were elevated in CD4+ T cells. A coordinated co-expression network involving IL-6, CXCL1, IL-1\u03b2, P16INK4a\/CDKN2A, and LMNB1 was observed. Clinically, IL-6 in CD8+ T cells was associated with higher nodal stage and worse survival, while CXCL1 in CD19+ B cells independently predicted survival. No differences were found between pre- and post-treatment samples. Circulating lymphocytes in HNSCC display coordinated expression of selected senescence-associated genes, with IL-6 and CXCL1 as candidate prognostic biomarkers linked to tumor progression that warrant further validation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15161477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T08:08:41Z","timestamp":1787040521000},"page":"1477","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cellular Senescence-Associated Gene Expression in Circulating CD4+, CD8+, CD19+ Lymphocytes of HNSCC Patients: Associations with Clinical Parameters"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Kamila","family":"Ostrowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8, 60-806 Poznan, Poland"},{"name":"Radiobiology Laboratory, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2778-9668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patryk","family":"Niewinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznan, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4985-9321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor","family":"Piotrowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiobiology Laboratory, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4108-8328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agata","family":"Kubicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Pathology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Tumor Pathology and Prophylaxis, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Ostapowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiobiology Laboratory, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland"},{"name":"Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznan, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Electroradiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3373-2768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Kozikowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8, 60-806 Poznan, Poland"},{"name":"Radiobiology Laboratory, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0205-8815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Jazikowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiobiology Laboratory, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2590-7583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina","family":"Czoch\u00f3r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 6, 61-614 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Marchlewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danuta","family":"Procyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5193-8697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa","family":"Leporowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4742-2465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wiktoria M.","family":"Suchorska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiobiology Laboratory, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Electroradiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2869-1029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Yousefzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia Center for Translational Immunology and Burch-Lodge Center for Human Longevity, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michal M.","family":"Masternak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland"},{"name":"Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Blvd, Orlando, FL 32827, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Golusi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21349","article-title":"Elements of cancer immunity and the cancer\u2013immune set point","volume":"541","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2018.03.012","article-title":"T cell dysfunction in cancer","volume":"33","author":"Thommen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.01.003","article-title":"The impact of radiation induced lymphopenia in the prognosis of head and neck cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"168","author":"Dai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiother. 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