{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T05:18:29Z","timestamp":1787635109618,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Italian Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"National Research Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RF2021-12374216"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF2021-12374216"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pathological aggregation of \u03b1-synuclein (\u03b1Syn) is a hallmark of Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), but increasing evidence indicates that \u03b1Syn deposits extend beyond the central nervous system to peripheral tissues, including the skin. In PD patients, cutaneous \u03b1Syn accumulation has been associated with seborrheic dermatitis (SD), a chronic inflammatory condition linked to sebocyte dysfunction and altered sebum production. Marked differences in sebum composition between PD patients and healthy controls have been described. We aimed to investigate whether pathological \u03b1Syn could contribute to dysregulated sebum production and composition by assessing key markers of sebocyte differentiation and lipogenesis in human sebaceous gland cells and skin biopsies from PD patients (n = 5) and matched controls (n = 5) without clinically recorded SD. O-\u03b1Syn exposure of immortalized sebaceous gland cells (SZ95) altered the transcriptional programs related to sebocyte differentiation, inflammation, metabolism, and lipogenesis. Consistently, protein markers of mid-to-late sebocyte differentiation were increased. Upregulation of PLIN2, together with elevated PPAR\u03b3, SREBP1, SCD1, and FADS2, indicated progression toward a mature and lipid-producing phenotype characterized by enhanced accumulation of neutral lipids within lipid droplets. Lipidomic profiling revealed remodeling of multiple lipid classes, with increases in triglycerides, ceramides, and selected phospholipids. Increased expression of PLIN2 and PPAR\u03b3 was also observed in sebaceous glands from PD skin biopsies compared to controls. Collectively, our findings indicate that O-\u03b1Syn exposure is associated with molecular changes consistent with altered sebocyte differentiation and lipid remodeling. These results support a potential association between \u03b1Syn and lipid dysregulation in sebocytes and suggest that these cells may represent unrecognized peripheral targets of \u03b1Syn.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15161505","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T14:20:36Z","timestamp":1787322036000},"page":"1505","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of \u03b1-Synuclein on the Lipid Phenotype of SZ95 Human Sebocytes: A Preliminary Study in the Context of Parkinson\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6468-200X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Mosca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6671-7384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grazia","family":"Bottillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9275-1041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrica","family":"Flori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Kovacs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano 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of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1646-2608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christos C.","family":"Zouboulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Universitaetsklinikum Ruppin-Brandenburg, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Simmini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dementia and Degenerative Diseases of CNS Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Luppino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parkinson\u2019s and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6658-7595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Novello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parkinson\u2019s and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Leta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parkinson\u2019s and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, 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Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Tagliavini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samanta","family":"Mazzetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parkinson\u2019s and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6633-0449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuela","family":"Camera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics 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