{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T12:22:44Z","timestamp":1787746964853,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["EX004579"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EX004579"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["EX004579"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EX004579"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01rkhv978","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Osteoarthritis (OA) is increasingly recognized as a mechanically driven whole-joint disease in which abnormal mechanotransduction initiates a cascade of mitochondrial dysfunction, chronic inflammation, and progressive cartilage degeneration. Among the mechanosensitive molecules identified to date, Piezo1 has emerged as a key mechanosensitive regulator linking pathological mechanical loading to intracellular calcium signaling and downstream cellular responses. Growing evidence indicates that persistent Piezo1 activation promotes mitochondrial calcium overload, excessive reactive oxygen species production, ATP depletion, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, and impaired mitophagy, ultimately amplifying chondrocyte dysfunction and extracellular matrix degradation. In parallel, mitochondrial damage triggers immunometabolic reprogramming through activation of the cGAS\u2013STING pathway and the NLRP3 inflammasome. It also promotes pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1\u03b2, tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1, and interleukin-6. Together, these responses may contribute to a self-perpetuating cycle of inflammation and tissue destruction. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of recent advances regarding the role of Piezo1 in OA, focusing on the mechanistic links between mechanotransduction, mitochondrial dysfunction, mitophagy, and immunometabolic dysregulation. We further discuss the contribution of mitochondrial quality-control pathways, including PINK1\/Parkin-, BNIP3-, and FUNDC1-mediated mitophagy, as well as alterations in mitochondrial dynamics involving DRP1, MFN1, MFN2, and OPA1. Emerging experimental models are discussed as valuable tools for accelerating therapeutic discovery. Finally, we critically evaluate current therapeutic strategies targeting the Piezo1\u2013mitochondria axis, including mechanosensitive channel modulation, mitochondrial protection, mitophagy enhancement, gene therapy, biomaterial-assisted delivery, and nanomedicine. Collectively, current evidence supports the Piezo1\u2013mitochondria\u2013immune axis as an important mechanistic framework contributing to OA pathogenesis and as a potential therapeutic target. Integrating mechanobiology, mitochondrial medicine, and precision-engineered experimental models may facilitate the development of next-generation disease-modifying therapies capable of slowing or preventing osteoarthritis progression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15171511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T08:03:41Z","timestamp":1787558621000},"page":"1511","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Piezo1 as a Key Mechanosensitive Ion Channel Linking Mechanical Overload to Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Mitophagy, and Immunometabolic Dysregulation in Osteoarthritis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4589-7731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hechmi","family":"Toumi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Medicine Research Platform, PRIMMO, University Hospital Center of Orleans, 14 Avenue de l\u2019H\u00f4pital, 45100 Orleans, France"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Center of Orleans, 14 Avenue de l\u2019H\u00f4pital, 45100 Orleans, France"},{"name":"Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Orleans, 1 Rue de Chartres, 45100 Orleans, France"},{"name":"Laboratory of Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise in Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Clermont Auvergne University (UCA), 3 Rue de la Chebarde, 63178 Aubi\u00e8re, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9771-782X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad","family":"Almhdie-Imjabbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Medicine Research Platform, PRIMMO, University Hospital Center of Orleans, 14 Avenue de l\u2019H\u00f4pital, 45100 Orleans, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1009-8518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Lespessailles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Medicine Research Platform, PRIMMO, University Hospital Center of Orleans, 14 Avenue de l\u2019H\u00f4pital, 45100 Orleans, France"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Center of Orleans, 14 Avenue de l\u2019H\u00f4pital, 45100 Orleans, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30417-9","article-title":"Osteoarthritis","volume":"393","author":"Hunter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2016.65","article-title":"Ageing and the Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis","volume":"12","author":"Loeser","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-024-05081-4","article-title":"Omega-3 Fatty Acids Protect Cartilage from Acute Injurie by Reducing the Mechanical Sensitivity of Chondrocytes","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70290","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202400544RR","article-title":"Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Suppress PIEZO Ion Channel Mechanotransduction in Articular Chondrocytes","volume":"39","author":"Marushack","year":"2025","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18472","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.18472","article-title":"Excessive Load Promotes Temporomandibular Joint Chondrocyte Apoptosis via Piezo1\/Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Cell Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1193270","article-title":"Piezo1 and Piezo2 Are Essential Components of Distinct Mechanically Activated Cation Channels","volume":"330","author":"Coste","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.17305\/bb.2024.11156","article-title":"Piezo1-Driven Mechanotransduction as a Key Regulator of Cartilage Degradation in Early Osteoarthritis","volume":"25","author":"Yan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomol. Biomed."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"101053","article-title":"Targeted Knockdown of Piezo1 in Synovial Macrophages Attenuates Osteoarthritis Development","volume":"57","author":"Yan","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Transl."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1007\/s12013-024-01534-z","article-title":"Chondrocyte Ferritinophagy as a Molecular Mechanism of Arthritis-A Narrative Review","volume":"83","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2025.105953","article-title":"Piezo1 at the Crossroads: Mediating Inflammation and Mechanical Stress in Joint Disorders","volume":"93","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Jt. Bone Spine"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18761429317745","DOI":"10.2174\/0118761429317745241017114020","article-title":"Repair Effect of siRNA Double Silencing of the Novel Mechanically Sensitive Ion Channels Piezo1 and TRPV4 on an Osteoarthritis Rat Model","volume":"17","author":"Jia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2025.117639","article-title":"The Mechanosensitive Piezo Channels as Potential Therapeutic Targets for Osteoarthritis","volume":"245","author":"Alcaraz","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-025-01335-x","article-title":"Piezo1 Induces Mitochondrial Autophagy Dysfunction Leading to Cartilage Injury in Knee Osteoarthritis","volume":"31","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.06.036","article-title":"Procr+ Chondroprogenitors Sense Mechanical Stimuli to Govern Articular Cartilage Maintenance and Regeneration","volume":"188","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70196","DOI":"10.1002\/biot.70196","article-title":"CREG1 Attenuates Osteoarthritis Progression by Suppressing Chondrocyte Pyroptosis Through the PINK1\/Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy Pathway","volume":"21","author":"Fei","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116309","article-title":"Melittin Alleviates Osteoarthritis via Mitophagy Mediated by the AMPK\/PINK1\/Parkin Axis","volume":"173","author":"Wu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-025-03620-w","article-title":"Chondrocyte-Specific Knockout of Piezo1 and Piezo2 Protects against Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis Structural Damage and Pain in Mice","volume":"27","author":"Ely","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2479","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38241-x","article-title":"Piezo2 Expressing Nociceptors Mediate Mechanical Sensitization in Experimental Osteoarthritis","volume":"14","author":"Obeidat","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2023.111880","article-title":"Piezo1 Transforms Mechanical Stress into pro Senescence Signals and Promotes Osteoarthritis Severity","volume":"216","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120831","article-title":"Gubi Zhitong Formula Alleviates Knee Osteoarthritis Induced by Excessive Mechanical Loading in Rats via Regulating Piezo1 Mediated Ca2+ Signaling Pathway and Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase \/ Protein Kinase B \/ Nuclear Factor Kappa-B Axis","volume":"356","author":"Zhou","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.124507","article-title":"Abnormal Mechanical Load Aggravates Subchondral Bone Remodeling and Uneven Tibial Plateau Settlement in Knee Osteoarthritis via Activation of Osteoblast Piezo1-Ca2+-JAK2\/STAT3 Signaling","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2393088","DOI":"10.1080\/19336950.2024.2393088","article-title":"The Role of Mechanosensitive Ion Channel Piezo1 in Knee Osteoarthritis Inflammation","volume":"18","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"Channels"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114785","article-title":"Unveiling the Mechanisms of Mechanical Loading-Induced Knee Osteoarthritis through Transcriptomics","volume":"157","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-024-00315-x","article-title":"Piezo1 Expression in Chondrocytes Controls Endochondral Ossification and Osteoarthritis Development","volume":"12","author":"Brylka","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bone Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2026.111426","article-title":"PIEZO1 Variants That Reduce Open Channel Probability Are Associated with Familial Osteoarthritis","volume":"302","author":"Jurynec","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345251371674","article-title":"Inflammation Barrier Role of Piezo1 in Chondrocytes under Aberrant Loading","volume":"105","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steinecker-Frohnwieser, B., Lohberger, B., Toegel, S., Windhager, R., Glanz, V., Kratschmann, C., Leithner, A., and Weigl, L. (2023). Activation of the Mechanosensitive Ion Channels Piezo1 and TRPV4 in Primary Human Healthy and Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes Exhibits Ion Channel Crosstalk and Modulates Gene Expression. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24097868"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2425","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.14615","article-title":"Piezo1 Mediates the Degradation of Cartilage Extracellular Matrix in Malocclusion-Induced TMJOA","volume":"30","author":"Feng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2025.100710","article-title":"PIEZO Mechanosensitivity in Chondrocytes Is Differentially Modulated by L-Type and T-Type Voltage-Sensitive Ion Channels","volume":"8","author":"Savadipour","year":"2026","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil. Open"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, F., Ding, X., Li, P., Yuan, J., Guo, L., Zhao, S., Wu, G., and Wei, X. (2026). Molecular Characterization of Superficial Zone Chondrocytes under Pro-Inflammatory and Biomechanical Stress Conditions. PLoS ONE, 21.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0350746"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2221958120","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2221958120","article-title":"Membrane Stretch as the Mechanism of Activation of PIEZO1 Ion Channels in Chondrocytes","volume":"120","author":"Savadipour","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2023.113726","article-title":"Trimethylamine-N-Oxide Sensitizes Chondrocytes to Mechanical Loading through the Upregulation of Piezo1","volume":"175","author":"Zhuang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2001611118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2001611118","article-title":"Inflammatory Signaling Sensitizes Piezo1 Mechanotransduction in Articular Chondrocytes as a Pathogenic Feed-Forward Mechanism in Osteoarthritis","volume":"118","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ren, X., Zhuang, H., Li, B., Jiang, F., Zhang, Y., and Zhou, P. (2023). Gsmtx4 Alleviated Osteoarthritis through Piezo1\/Calcineurin\/NFAT1 Signaling Axis under Excessive Mechanical Strain. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24044022"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-025-02161-x","article-title":"Mechano-Metabolic Dysregulation in Osteoarthritis: Piezo1-Mediated Mitophagy Impairment as a Novel Therapeutic Target","volume":"75","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.04.013","article-title":"Piezo1 Regulates Fibrocartilage Stem Cell in Cartilage Growth and Osteoarthritis","volume":"33","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e948290","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.948290","article-title":"Impact of Abnormal Mechanical Stress on Chondrocyte Death in Osteoarthritis","volume":"31","author":"Du","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.02.778","article-title":"Elevated Expression of Piezo1 Activates the cGAS-STING Pathway in Chondrocytes by Releasing Mitochondrial DNA","volume":"33","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-025-07577-1","article-title":"Mechanical Sensing Protein PIEZO1 Controls Osteoarthritis via Glycolysis Mediated Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Th17 Cells Crosstalk","volume":"16","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2022.03.119","article-title":"High Expression of Piezo1 Induces Senescence in Chondrocytes through Calcium Ions Accumulation","volume":"607","author":"Ren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-021-00360-w","article-title":"G Protein Coupled Estrogen Receptor Attenuates Mechanical Stress-Mediated Apoptosis of Chondrocyte in Osteoarthritis via Suppression of Piezo1","volume":"27","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2023.09.040","article-title":"Piezo1 Activation Accelerates Osteoarthritis Progression and the Targeted Therapy Effect of Artemisinin","volume":"62","author":"Gan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2022.01.004","article-title":"Mechanical Overloading Induces GPX4-Regulated Chondrocyte Ferroptosis in Osteoarthritis via Piezo1 Channel Facilitated Calcium Influx","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.09.003","article-title":"Osteoarthritis Year in Review 2022: Biology","volume":"30","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.003","article-title":"Transcriptomic Analyses of Joint Tissues during Osteoarthritis Development in a Rat Model Reveal Dysregulated Mechanotransduction and Extracellular Matrix Pathways","volume":"31","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"0382","DOI":"10.34133\/bmr.0382","article-title":"Bioactive Chitin-Based Thermosensitive Hydrogel Reinforces Stem Cell Therapy for Osteoarthritis","volume":"30","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biomater. Res."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"731","article-title":"Effects of acupotomy therapy on chondrocyte ferroptosis based on the Piezo1\/GPX4\/ACSL4 signaling axis","volume":"51","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Zhen Ci Yan Jiu"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606941","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S606941","article-title":"Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis: Mechanisms of Action of Disulfidptosis and Targeted Therapeutic Strategies","volume":"20","author":"Liang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Drug Des. Devel. Ther."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Z., Dong, Y., Xu, P., and Chen, X. (2026). Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Alleviates the Pain of Monosodium Iodoacetate-Induced Osteoarthritis in Rats. J. Ultrasound Med.","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.70339"},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"644","article-title":"Acupuncture Alleviates the Progression of Knee Osteoarthritis by Inhibiting X-Inactive Specific Transcript-Mediated Activation of the Mechanosensitive Ion Channel Piezo1 Signaling","volume":"87","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nagoya. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70734","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.70734","article-title":"The Mechanosensitive Ion Channel Piezo1 Regulates Chondrocyte Homeostasis Through the PI3K\/AKT\/mTORC1 Pathway in Osteoarthritis","volume":"29","author":"Han","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Cell Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kan, T., Li, X., Wang, H., Sun, L., Wang, Y., Wu, J., Cui, J., Yang, Y., Yuan, K., and Chu, L. (2026). Mechanical Activation of Piezo1 Drives Osteoarthritis Through Kdm5c-Mediated Epigenetic Silencing. Adv. Sci., e76089.","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.76089"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1080\/03008207.2025.2498512","article-title":"Activation of the Mechanosensitive Ion Channels TRPV4 and PIEZO1 Downregulates Key Regulatory Systems in the Chondrocyte Mechanome","volume":"66","author":"Palmer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Connect. Tissue Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-022-01052-1","article-title":"Mechanical Loading Promotes the Migration of Endogenous Stem Cells and Chondrogenic Differentiation in a Mouse Model of Osteoarthritis","volume":"112","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Int."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1080\/03008207.2021.2007902","article-title":"The Potential Role of Mechanosensitive Ion Channels in Substrate Stiffness-Regulated Ca2+ Response in Chondrocytes","volume":"63","author":"Du","year":"2022","journal-title":"Connect. Tissue Res."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, C.-B., Ma, T., Ma, L., Wang, Q., and Zhou, Q. (2022). Piezo1 Affects Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis by Influencing pSmad3. Front. Physiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.892089"},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"75","article-title":"Mechanism of acupotomy on cartilage degeneration in rabbits with knee osteoarthritis based on Piezo1\/p38MAPK\/ERK5 mechanosensitive pathway","volume":"46","author":"Shao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhen Jiu"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2025.106651","article-title":"Correlation between Various Loads and Apoptosis in Medial Platform Chondrocytes in Knee Varus Deformity","volume":"129","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"1171","article-title":"Repair of osteoarthritis in animal model with exosomes derived from BMSCs transfected by the siRNA -Piezo1 through CT navigation","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Zhongguo Gu Shang"},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"43","article-title":"A Static Magnetic Field Enhances the Repair of Osteoarthritic Cartilage by Promoting the Migration of Stem Cells and Chondrogenesis","volume":"39","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Transl."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115343","article-title":"Barasertib Impedes Chondrocyte Senescence and Alleviates Osteoarthritis by Mitigating the Destabilization of Heterochromatin Induced by AURKB","volume":"166","author":"Ren","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Batarfi, W.A., Yunus, M.H.M., Hamid, A.A., Maarof, M., and Abdul Rani, R. (2025). Breaking Down Osteoarthritis: Exploring Inflammatory and Mechanical Signaling Pathways. Life, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/life15081238"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Selig, M., Lauer, J.C., Hart, M.L., and Rolauffs, B. (2020). Mechanotransduction and Stiffness-Sensing: Mechanisms and Opportunities to Control Multiple Molecular Aspects of Cell Phenotype as a Design Cornerstone of Cell-Instructive Biomaterials for Articular Cartilage Repair. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21155399"}],"container-title":["Cells"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/15\/17\/1511\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T11:57:45Z","timestamp":1787745465000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/15\/17\/1511"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["cells15171511"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells15171511","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]]}}}