{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T05:19:33Z","timestamp":1787721573845,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021171","name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2021A1515111110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021A1515111110"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cardiovascular diseases are increasingly recognized as immune-inflammatory disorders in which adaptive immunity shapes tissue injury, repair, and long-term remodeling. T cells are central to these processes because they integrate antigen recognition, lineage-defining transcriptional programs, tissue trafficking, cytokine production, and immunological memory. In this Review, we synthesize current evidence on the Kr\u00fcppel-like factor (KLF) family as a transcriptional framework linking T-cell biology to cardiovascular disease. KLF2 primarily regulates T-cell quiescence and trafficking, KLF10 supports regulatory T-cell suppressive function and immune-metabolic fitness, KLF4 contributes to inflammatory effector differentiation, and KLF13 regulates delayed inflammatory chemokine expression and, in thymocyte models, exerts a survival-restraining effect through apoptosis-related pathways. Across atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, myocarditis, hypertension, and heart failure, these KLF-dependent programs may influence the balance between pathogenic effector responses and protective regulatory mechanisms. The strongest direct disease-specific evidence currently supports a role for KLF10 within the CD4+ T-cell lineage in experimental atherosclerosis, with complementary functional evidence implicating Treg\u2013macrophage interactions, whereas the roles of KLF-dependent T-cell programs in other cardiovascular settings remain mechanistically compelling but less fully validated. Future progress will require disease-specific T-cell-restricted models, spatially resolved immune analyses, and cell-selective translational strategies to define the therapeutic relevance of the KLF\u2013T-cell axis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15171519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T08:03:41Z","timestamp":1787558621000},"page":"1519","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Role of the KLF Family in T-Cell-Mediated Regulation of Cardiovascular Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Prospects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5063-6224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shijia","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen 518057, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen 518057, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangbin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0292-375X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kunfu","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen 518057, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen 518057, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.5334\/gh.1288","article-title":"The Heart of the World","volume":"19","author":"Perel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Glob. 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