{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T05:19:10Z","timestamp":1787980750191,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009110","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024D01B41"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024D01B41"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009110","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Nationally Funded Postdoctoral Program","award":["GZC20241431"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GZC20241431"]}]},{"name":"Major Science and Technology Project of the Autonomous Region","award":["2023A02007\u20112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A02007\u20112"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31960695"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31960695"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["31960695"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31960695"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Maintaining gut microbial homeostasis is crucial for host health, whereas infection with Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a major contributor to intestinal inflammation and microbial dysbiosis. Recent research has focused on probiotic strategies for managing enteric inflammatory disorders. Previous studies have shown that beneficial microorganisms show protection through modulating host immune responses, enhancing intestinal epithelial barrier integrity, and inhibiting pathogenic bacteria. To evaluate the prophylactic effectiveness of a recently isolated strain, Lacticaseibacillus casei 2S-1, in a murine model of E. coli-induced enteritis, this study focuses on interactions within the microbiota\u2013intestinal\u2013immune axis, together with host transcriptional responses and pathway enrichment associated with oxidative stress and mitochondrial function. In vitro analysis of probiotic features, including growth dynamics, acidogenic capacity, and tolerance to acidic and bile salt environments, as well as genetic safety profiling, followed the methodical isolation and taxonomic identification of L. casei 2S-1. A preventive intervention protocol was established, and a murine model of enteritis was induced by exposure to E. coli. Histopathological analyses were performed to observe in vivo safety and protective efficacy. Changes in gut microbial structure were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, while host responses were identified by intestinal immunohistochemistry and transcriptome profiling. L. casei 2S-1 showed probiotic properties. In vitro analyses showed that the strain exhibited tolerance to acidic and bile salt conditions, and its untreated culture supernatant showed antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria. Its safety profile was supported by genomic analysis, which verified the lack of virulence-associated genes and antibiotic resistance factors. In vivo, L. casei 2S-1 pretreatment reduced mortality and intestinal inflammation, modulated gut microbial composition, and preserved intestinal barrier-associated protein expression in infected mice. This study provides experimental evidence supporting the prophylactic effects of L. casei 2S-1 and its associations with gut microbiota modulation and host transcriptional responses, providing a foundation for further investigation of probiotic-based preventive strategies against intestinal infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15171551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T16:47:13Z","timestamp":1787849233000},"page":"1551","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Probiotic Lacticaseibacillus casei 2S-1 Attenuates Escherichia coli-Induced Enteritis via Gut Microbiota Modulation and Host Gene Regulation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8666-9651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingchao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingshuai","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenyang","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qirui","family":"Zang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaolong","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanjing","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binhuan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panpan","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China"},{"name":"Urumqi Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Animal Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830052, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Development for Herbivorous Animals, Urumqi 830052, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Regional Key Laboratory of Clinical Veterinary Medicine Research, Urumqi 830052, China"},{"name":"Herbivorous Animal Biomedicine and Diagnostic Technology Engineering Research Center, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhanqiang","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China"},{"name":"Urumqi Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Animal Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830052, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Development for Herbivorous Animals, Urumqi 830052, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Regional Key Laboratory of Clinical Veterinary Medicine Research, Urumqi 830052, China"},{"name":"Herbivorous Animal Biomedicine and Diagnostic Technology Engineering Research Center, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China"},{"name":"Urumqi Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Animal Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830052, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Development for Herbivorous Animals, Urumqi 830052, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Regional Key Laboratory of Clinical Veterinary Medicine Research, Urumqi 830052, China"},{"name":"Herbivorous Animal Biomedicine and Diagnostic Technology Engineering Research Center, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shicheng","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aili","family":"Aierken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4606-8444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengfei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China"},{"name":"Urumqi Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Animal Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830052, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Development for Herbivorous Animals, Urumqi 830052, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Regional Key Laboratory of Clinical Veterinary Medicine Research, Urumqi 830052, China"},{"name":"Herbivorous Animal Biomedicine and Diagnostic Technology Engineering Research Center, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pakbin, B., Br\u00fcck, W.M., and Rossen, J.W.A. (2021). Virulence Factors of Enteric Pathogenic Escherichia coli: A Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202108.0348.v1"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"RP97643","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.97643","article-title":"Persistent cross-species transmission systems dominate Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 epidemiology in a high incidence region: A genomic epidemiology study","volume":"13","author":"Tarr","year":"2025","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(25)00118-5","article-title":"The WHO Bacterial Priority Pathogens List 2024: A prioritisation study to guide research, development, and public health strategies against antimicrobial resistance","volume":"25","author":"Sati","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dempsey, E., and Corr, S.C. (2022). Lactobacillus spp. for Gastrointestinal Health: Current and Future Perspectives. Front. Immunol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.840245"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chamignon, C., Mallaret, G., Rivi\u00e8re, J., Vilotte, M., Chadi, S., de Moreno de LeBlanc, A., LeBlanc, J.G., Carvalho, F.A., Pane, M., and Mousset, P.Y. (2023). Beneficial Effects of Lactobacilli Species on Intestinal Homeostasis in Low-Grade Inflammation and Stress Rodent Models and Their Implication in the Modulation of the Adhesive Junctional Complex. Biomolecules, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13091295"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0036725","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.00367-25","article-title":"Cultivation and sequencing of microbiota members unveil the functional potential of yak gut microbiota","volume":"10","author":"Dai","year":"2025","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-023-02226-8","article-title":"The extracellular polysaccharide inhibit porcine epidemic diarrhea virus with extract and gene editing Lacticaseibacillus","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microb. Cell Fact."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.5851\/kosfa.2024.e100","article-title":"Interconnection of the Gut-Skin Axis in NC\/Nga Mouse with Atopic Dermatitis: Effects of the Three Types of Bifidobacterium bifidum CBT-BF3 (Probiotics, Postbiotics, and Cytosine-Phosphate-Guanine Oligodeoxynucleotide) on T Cell Differentiation and Gut Microbiota","volume":"44","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Sci. Anim. Resour."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104931","article-title":"Analysis of inflammasomes and CYP27B1 genes in cuprizone demyelinated C57BL\/6 mice and evaluation of Th1 and Th2 patterns after oral administration of Lactobacillus casei strain T2 (IBRC-M10783)","volume":"155","author":"Digehsara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2024.106937","article-title":"CLI: A new protocol for the isolation of Lactic Acid Bacteria from complex plant samples","volume":"221","author":"Chavez","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christensen, I.B., Vedel, C., Clausen, M.L., Kj\u00e6rulff, S., Agner, T., and Nielsen, D.S. (2021). Targeted Screening of Lactic Acid Bacteria with Antibacterial Activity Toward Staphylococcus aureus Clonal Complex Type 1 Associated with Atopic Dermatitis. Front. Microbiol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.733847"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microb.2025.100378","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of reference Lactobacillus strains against WHO priority drug-resistant pathogens through an integrated in vitro and bacteriocin gene clusters analysis","volume":"7","author":"Shah","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microbe"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0165122","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01651-22","article-title":"Probiotics (Lactobacillus plantarum HNU082) Supplementation Relieves Ulcerative Colitis by Affecting Intestinal Barrier Functions, Immunity-Related Gene Expression, Gut Microbiota, and Metabolic Pathways in Mice","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"and Tiwari, S.K. (2022). Bacteriocin-Producing Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria in Controlling Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota. Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.851140"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin, W., Zhang, M., Lan, X., Huang, Y., Bai, Y., Li, Y., Shi, C., Song, Y., Wang, L., and Zhang, Y. (2025). Probiotic Weissella cibaria LAB_Weis_Camel_L4 mitigates Escherichia coli-induced enteritis via competitive exclusion and microbiota modulation. Front. Immunol., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1642209"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yoon, K.N., Yang, J., Yeom, S.J., Kim, S.S., Park, J.H., Song, B.S., Eun, J.B., Park, S.H., Lee, J.H., and Kim, H.B. (2024). Lactiplantibacillus argentoratensis AGMB00912 protects weaning mice from ETEC infection and enhances gut health. Front. Microbiol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1440134"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8687","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.5c11621","article-title":"Lacticaseibacillus paracasei FL5 Inhibits Helicobacter pylori by Regulating Gastric Microbiota and NF-\u03baB Signaling Pathway","volume":"74","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2276","article-title":"Quality-filtering vastly improves diversity estimates from Illumina amplicon sequencing","volume":"10","author":"Bokulich","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Methods."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R60","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2011-12-6-r60","article-title":"Metagenomic biomarker discovery and explanation","volume":"12","author":"Segata","year":"2011","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ram, S., Vizcarra, P., Whalen, P., Deng, S., Painter, C.L., Jackson-Fisher, A., Pirie-Shepherd, S., Xia, X., and Powell, E.L. (2021). Pixelwise H-score: A novel digital image analysis-based metric to quantify membrane biomarker expression from immunohistochemistry images. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.01.06.425539"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.24272\/j.issn.2095-8137.2022.440","article-title":"Transcription factor Dmrt1 triggers the SPRY1-NF-\u03baB pathway to maintain testicular immune homeostasis and male fertility","volume":"44","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Zool. Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.24272\/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.375","article-title":"LIN28A inhibits DUSP family phosphatases and activates MAPK signaling pathway to maintain pluripotency in porcine induced pluripotent stem cells","volume":"42","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Zool. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng, Z., Maciel-Guerra, A., Baker, M., Zhang, X., Hu, Y., Wang, W., Rong, J., Zhang, J., Xue, N., and Barrow, P. (2022). Whole-genome sequencing and gene sharing network analysis powered by machine learning identifies antibiotic resistance sharing between animals, humans and environment in livestock farming. PLoS Comput. Biol., 18.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1010018"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.08.001","article-title":"Environmental antimicrobial resistance and its drivers: A potential threat to public health","volume":"27","author":"Samreen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Glob. Antimicrob. Resist."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e272","DOI":"10.1002\/imt2.272","article-title":"Cross-tissue multi-omics analyses reveal the gut microbiota\u2019s absence impacts organ morphology, immune homeostasis, bile acid and lipid metabolism","volume":"4","author":"Shen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Imeta"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-019-1239-1","article-title":"Isolation, identification, and potential probiotic characterization of isolated lactic acid bacteria and in vitro investigation of the cytotoxicity, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities in fermented sausage","volume":"18","author":"AlKalbani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microb. Cell Fact."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1007\/s10295-016-1794-y","article-title":"Transcriptomic and metabolic responses of Staphylococcus aureus in mixed culture with Lactobacillus plantarum, Streptococcus thermophilus and Enterococcus durans in milk","volume":"43","author":"Zdenkova","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kiousi, D.E., Efstathiou, C., Tzampazlis, V., Plessas, S., Panopoulou, M., Koffa, M., and Galanis, A. (2023). Genetic and phenotypic assessment of the antimicrobial activity of three potential probiotic lactobacilli against human enteropathogenic bacteria. Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1127256"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-024-05816-3","article-title":"Characterization of phyllosphere endophytic lactic acid bacteria reveals a potential novel route to enhance silage fermentation quality","volume":"7","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.117281","article-title":"Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 alleviates enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction via TLRs\/mast cells pathway","volume":"244","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2022.105863","article-title":"Exopolysaccharide from Lactobacillus casei NA-2 attenuates Escherichia coli O157:H7 surface adhesion via modulation of membrane surface properties and adhesion-related gene expression","volume":"173","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7210","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-11340-3","article-title":"Microencapsulated probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and\/or Pediococcus acidilactici strains ameliorate diarrhoea in piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli","volume":"12","author":"Pupa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2022.170903","article-title":"Human cathelicidin LL-37 exerts amelioration effects against EHEC O157:H7 infection regarding inflammation, enteric dysbacteriosis, and impairment of gut barrier function","volume":"159","author":"Fang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6777","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-62107-z","article-title":"PEAK1 maintains tight junctions in intestinal epithelial cells and resists colitis by inhibiting autophagy-mediated ZO-1 degradation","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S468608","article-title":"Huanglian Ejiao Decoction Alleviates Ulcerative Colitis in Mice Through Regulating the Gut Microbiota and Inhibiting the Ratio of Th1 and Th2 Cells","volume":"19","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deng, X., Fang, M., Fu, X., Li, S., Jiang, Y., Wu, Y., Liu, D., Li, Q., Zhan, T., and Wu, Z. (2025). Multi-omics reveals the impact of Clonorchis sinensis infection on mouse gut microbiota, metabolomics and transcriptomics. BMC Microbiol., 25.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-025-04531-1"}],"container-title":["Cells"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/15\/17\/1551\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T04:49:00Z","timestamp":1787978940000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/15\/17\/1551"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["cells15171551"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells15171551","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]}}}