{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T10:15:21Z","timestamp":1788430521183,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":213,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019822","name":"Temasek Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TFE-ESF-SG-2017-WRS-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TFE-ESF-SG-2017-WRS-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019822","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["TFE-ESF-SG-2017-WRS-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TFE-ESF-SG-2017-WRS-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00085m516","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Induced pluripotent stem cells have revolutionized biomedical research\u2014yet the vast majority of life on Earth remains beyond their reach. Non-model species lack the annotated genomes, validated reagents, and species-specific culture infrastructure that make iPSC technology routine in humans and mice, and this infrastructure deficit, compounded by genuine biological differences in pluripotency network architecture across taxa, is what has kept the field narrow. The deep conservation of the core pluripotency network across vertebrates suggests that reprogramming may, in principle, be achievable across a far broader range of species than currently demonstrated\u2014though the extent to which this holds across more divergent taxa remains to be established. This review consolidates current progress and future potential of iPSC technology across five domains: technical reprogramming challenges and advances; conservation applications including genetic rescue, in vitro gametogenesis, and de-extinction; medical applications within a one medicine framework; agricultural applications spanning disease resistance, climate resilience, and cultured meat; and species-specific iPSC-derived systems in ecotoxicology. Throughout, we distinguish what has been demonstrated from what remains aspirational and identify the priorities that will determine whether the iPSC revolution can be extended\u2014rigorously and at scale\u2014beyond model organism research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15171565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T18:33:52Z","timestamp":1787942032000},"page":"1565","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Non-Model Species: Applications and Challenges"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5460-1897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiuye","family":"Bao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mandai Nature, 80 Mandai Lake Road, Singapore 729826, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole Liling","family":"Tay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mandai Nature, 80 Mandai Lake Road, Singapore 729826, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina Yingyan","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mandai Nature, 80 Mandai Lake Road, Singapore 729826, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7880-5261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shangzhe","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mandai Wildlife Group, 80 Mandai Lake Road, Singapore 729826, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9668-2143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soon Chye","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sincere Healthcare Group, 8 Sinaran Drive, Singapore 307470, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8697-5498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oz","family":"Pomp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mandai Nature, 80 Mandai Lake Road, Singapore 729826, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.07.024","article-title":"Induction of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Mouse Embryonic and Adult Fibroblast Cultures by Defined Factors","volume":"126","author":"Takahashi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1089\/biores.2019.0046","article-title":"Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Reprogramming Platforms and Applications in Cell Replacement Therapy","volume":"9","author":"Ngai","year":"2020","journal-title":"BioResearch Open Access"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2021.04.006","article-title":"The ART of bringing extinction to a freeze\u2014History and future of species conservation, exemplified by rhinos","volume":"169","author":"Hildebrandt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.227603.117","article-title":"Evaluating recovery potential of the northern white rhinoceros from cryopreserved somatic cells","volume":"28","author":"Tunstall","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dev203116","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.203116","article-title":"Advancing stem cell technologies for conservation of wildlife biodiversity","volume":"151","author":"Hutchinson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar, S., De Leon, E.M., Granados, J., Whitworth, D.J., and VandeBerg, J.L. 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