{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T09:06:46Z","timestamp":1788944806939,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Pilot Project for the National Key Research and Development Program","award":["2023YFA1802003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFA1802003"]}]},{"name":"Pilot Project for the National Key Research and Development Program","award":["2024YFF0729200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFF0729200"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cellular senescence (CS) is increasingly recognized as an important cell-state programme involved in breast cancer progression and therapeutic response, but its context-dependent molecular heterogeneity limits its application in prognostic assessment. In this study, GeneCompass-based all-gene in silico perturbation analysis was performed to identify candidate genes predicted to induce senescence or rejuvenation, thereby expanding the known senescence-related gene set. Machine learning further established a seven-gene prognostic signature that may serve as an adjunctive tool for prognostic assessment across multiple cohorts. The time-dependent AUCs at 1, 3, and 5 years were 0.707, 0.700, and 0.684 in the training cohort; 0.657, 0.661, and 0.629 in the test cohort; and 0.611, 0.646, and 0.637 in the external validation cohort, respectively. Single-cell and spatial transcriptomic analyses suggested that the risk component of the prognostic signature reflects not only malignant epithelial cell states but also stromal\u2013vascular remodelling in the tumor microenvironment. Among the signature genes, ADGRF5 exhibited the most pronounced expression alteration, and its knockdown suppressed malignant phenotypes in breast cancer cells. These findings provide an AI-assisted strategy for senescence biomarker discovery and highlight ADGRF5 as a candidate functional risk gene associated with breast cancer progression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15171589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T15:08:43Z","timestamp":1788275323000},"page":"1589","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["AI-Assisted Multimodal Transcriptomic Analysis Identifies a Senescence-Related Prognostic Signature and Characterizes ADGRF5-Associated Malignant Phenotypes in Breast Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Wenhao","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8596-6669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenhui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8196-4931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shubai","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaiqiong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0111-2","article-title":"Breast cancer","volume":"5","author":"Harbeck","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. 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