{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T05:03:24Z","timestamp":1789621404529,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["AG076235"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AG076235"]}]},{"award":["AG076235"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AG076235"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/044zkrt47","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"AHA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["971459"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["971459"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"AHA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["863622"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["863622"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["971459"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["971459"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/014pyq554","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["863622"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["863622"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/014pyq554","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: Adipose tissue inflammation in obesity promotes insulin resistance and metabolic disease. The Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines (DARC), a non-signaling receptor expressed on erythrocytes and on other cell types, modulates inflammation by regulating chemokine levels. Gene variants that affect DARC expression on erythrocytes are common in people of African descent. Here, we disrupted DARC expression in hematopoietic cells and adipocytes to determine the impact on obesity. Methods: DARC floxed mice were bred with vav1-Cre mice to disrupt DARC expression in hematopoietic cells (DARC\u0394hemato), and with adipoq-Cre mice to disrupt DARC expression in adipocytes (DARC\u0394adipo). Mice were fed a chow diet (CD) versus a high-fat diet (HFD) and studied in vivo. In vitro studies were conducted on preadipocytes isolated from wild-type (WT) and global DARC knockout mice. Results: HFD-fed DARC\u0394hemato mice exhibited impaired glucose tolerance compared with WT littermates, independent of weight gain. This was associated with increased adipose tissue inflammation and systemic oxidative stress. DARC\u0394adipo mice exhibited similar glucose tolerance but had subtle differences in adipose depot mass and adipocyte size compared with WT littermates. Deletion of DARC in preadipocytes had no impact on adipogenic differentiation or lipid accumulation in vitro. Similarly, endothelial-specific DARC KO mice also showed no differences in glucose tolerance compared with WT. Conclusions: DARC disruption in hematopoietic cells is associated with adipose tissue inflammation and alters glucose homeostasis during diet-induced obesity, accompanied by reduced circulating levels of several DARC-binding chemokines. The relevance of these findings to human DARC genetic variants and obesity-related metabolic disease warrants further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15181664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T09:31:57Z","timestamp":1789464717000},"page":"1664","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hematopoietic-Specific DARC Deficiency Is Associated with Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Impaired Glucose Tolerance During Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ghaith","family":"Aboud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Tyler W.","family":"Benson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ragheb","family":"Harb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Praneet","family":"Veerapaneni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Guangwei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Samah","family":"Ahmadieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4680-7139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rishabh","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Greenway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Hunter","family":"Sellers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Brandee","family":"Goo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6896-6950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David S.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mourad","family":"Ogbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Cave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9487-1647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehek","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Lingling","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Catherine C.","family":"Hedrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Center of Georgia, Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5766-1094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabrina","family":"Robichaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Center of Georgia, Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9642-2317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0253-1174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Avirup","family":"Guha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8826-681X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan A.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1499 Walton Wy, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9290-7926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoling","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1499 Walton Wy, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Stepp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Quangsheng","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6272-4248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ha Won","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Xin-Yun","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5138-3705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neal L.","family":"Weintraub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2409","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117936","article-title":"Increased adipose tissue expression of TNF-alpha in human obesity and insulin resistance","volume":"95","author":"Hotamisligil","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7265","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1133870100","article-title":"MCP-1 in obesity and insulin resistance","volume":"100","author":"Sartipy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2010.147","article-title":"DARC and D6: Silent partners in chemokine regulation?","volume":"89","author":"Hansell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5289","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-05-221382","article-title":"DARC polymorphism regulates circulating MCP-1 and other inflammatory mediators","volume":"115","author":"Schnabel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1898","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.017313","article-title":"Red Blood Cell Dysfunction Induced by High-Fat Diet: Potential Implications for Obesity-Related Atherosclerosis","volume":"132","author":"Unruh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2011.03431.x","article-title":"DARC alleles and Duffy phenotypes in African Americans","volume":"52","author":"Schmid","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1265","article-title":"The global distribution of the Duffy blood group","volume":"2","author":"Howes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1080\/10245330500469841","article-title":"Duffy blood group and malaria","volume":"11","author":"Langhi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hematology"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gaillard, T.R. (2018). The Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in African-American Women: Emerging Trends and Implications. Front. Endocrinol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2017.00383"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqz309","article-title":"Race affects the association of obesity measures with insulin sensitivity","volume":"111","author":"Tay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-7075-10-3","article-title":"Insulin sensitivity affects propensity to obesity in an ethnic-specific manner","volume":"10","author":"Gower","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2018.01.006","article-title":"Deletion of DARC promotes insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammation during high fat feeding","volume":"473","author":"Benson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goo, B., Ahmadieh, S., Zarzour, A., Yiew, N.K.H., Kim, D., Shi, H., Greenway, J., Cave, S., Nguyen, J., and Aribindi, S. (2022). Sex-Dependent Role of Adipose Tissue HDAC9 in Diet-Induced Obesity and Metabolic Dysfunction. Cells, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11172698"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23924","article-title":"Impact of housing temperature on adipose tissue HDAC9 expression and adipogenic differentiation in high fat-fed mice","volume":"32","author":"Ahmadieh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-411619-1.00003-3","article-title":"Isolation and study of adipocyte precursors","volume":"537","author":"Church","year":"2014","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1080\/21623945.2016.1240137","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of adipocyte differentiation in cell culture","volume":"5","author":"Kraus","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adipocyte"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-026-09765-x","article-title":"Soluble epoxide hydrolase in the liver orchestrates abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in mice","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2026","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.675355","article-title":"Abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue compartments: Association with metabolic risk factors in Framingham Heart Study","volume":"116","author":"Fox","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI21625","article-title":"Increased oxidative stress in obesity and its impact on metabolic syndrome","volume":"114","author":"Furukawa","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e99291","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201899291","article-title":"Developmental and functional heterogeneity of white adipocytes within a single fat depot","volume":"38","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e36","DOI":"10.1017\/S1462399408000860","article-title":"Survival and proliferative roles of erythropoietin beyond erythroid lineage","volume":"10","author":"Noguchi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.9518","article-title":"Erythropoietin, a novel versatile player regulating energy metabolism beyond erythroid system","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2022.06.011","article-title":"A subset of macrophages and monocytes in mouse bone marrow express atypical chemokine receptor 1","volume":"29","author":"Kwon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2016.01.013","article-title":"CD82\/KAI1 Maintains the Dormancy of Long-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells through Interaction with DARC-Expressing Macrophages","volume":"18","author":"Hur","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.181.4.1311","article-title":"DARC is expressed in endothelial cells of Duffy negative individuals who lack erythrocyte receptor","volume":"181","author":"Peiper","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ginting, R.P., Lee, J.-M., and Lee, M.-W. (2023). The Influence of Ambient Temperature on Adipose Tissue Homeostasis, Metabolic Diseases and Cancers. Cells, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12060881"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2018.11.014","article-title":"Obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: From pathophysiology to therapeutics","volume":"92","author":"Polyzos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Metabolism"}],"container-title":["Cells"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/15\/18\/1664\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T04:24:26Z","timestamp":1789619066000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/15\/18\/1664"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["cells15181664"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells15181664","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]}}}