{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T09:03:22Z","timestamp":1790672602259,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":142,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Jacob Churg Award"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Protein tyrosyl phosphorylation is a dynamic reversible regulatory process that is essential for virtually all aspects of cellular function. The dysregulation of protein tyrosyl phosphorylation is one of the main causes of human diseases such as cancer, diabetes, autoimmune disorders, and neurological diseases. Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) have paved the way towards defining the significance of protein tyrosyl phosphorylation in human health and disease. However, homeostatic control of protein tyrosyl phosphorylation is also regulated by protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). The actions of PTPs are diverse functioning to both positively and negatively regulate signaling pathways through specific substrate dephosphorylation. PTKs are now matured targets with numerous drugs that have been developed for the treatment of human diseases such as cancer and immunological disorders. In contrast, PTPs are relatively in their infancy as compared with their PTK counterparts with regard to drug development for the treatment of human diseases. However, mounting evidence supports the view that PTPs are not only valid targets but are indeed targetable. This review focuses primarily on the roles of PTPs as oncogenic drivers and therapeutic targets in cancer, while briefly noting their broader relevance to other diseases in which tyrosyl phosphorylation is dysregulated. This review will highlight recent developments in the PTP field, with an emphasis on cancer, which provide support for the emergence of PTPs as therapeutic targets, and will also briefly touch upon their relevance to related conditions such as obesity, type II diabetes and rare diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15191767","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T08:12:42Z","timestamp":1790669562000},"page":"1767","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases in Cancer: From Oncogenic Drivers to Therapeutic Targets"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4925-6720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sravan","family":"Perla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Pascale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6581-700X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashish","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sivaraman","family":"Kuppuswamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to Be University), Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3355-7943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charanraj Goud","family":"Alladi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palack\u00fd University and University Hospital Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vishnu Amaram","family":"Samara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00017.2009","article-title":"Physiological Signaling Specificity by Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases","volume":"24","author":"Soulsby","year":"2009","journal-title":"Physiology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2004.05.018","article-title":"Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases in the Human Genome","volume":"117","author":"Alonso","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7117","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.21.21.7117-7136.2001","article-title":"Structural and Evolutionary Relationships among Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Domains","volume":"21","author":"Andersen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol. 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