{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:55:31Z","timestamp":1790744131321,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":325,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,21]],"date-time":"2018-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PEst-OE\/QUI\/UI0674\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PEst-OE\/QUI\/UI0674\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ag\u00eancia Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investiga\u00e7a\u00f5 Tecnologia e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o","award":["M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vimentin is a protein that has been linked to a large variety of pathophysiological conditions, including cataracts, Crohn\u2019s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, HIV and cancer. Vimentin has also been shown to regulate a wide spectrum of basic cellular functions. In cells, vimentin assembles into a network of filaments that spans the cytoplasm. It can also be found in smaller, non-filamentous forms that can localise both within cells and within the extracellular microenvironment. The vimentin structure can be altered by subunit exchange, cleavage into different sizes, re-annealing, post-translational modifications and interacting proteins. Together with the observation that different domains of vimentin might have evolved under different selection pressures that defined distinct biological functions for different parts of the protein, the many diverse variants of vimentin might be the cause of its functional diversity. A number of review articles have focussed on the biology and medical aspects of intermediate filament proteins without particular commitment to vimentin, and other reviews have focussed on intermediate filaments in an in vitro context. In contrast, the present review focusses almost exclusively on vimentin, and covers both ex vivo and in vivo data from tissue culture and from living organisms, including a summary of the many phenotypes of vimentin knockout animals. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the many diverse aspects of vimentin, from biochemical, mechanical, cellular, systems biology and medical perspectives.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells7100147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,21]],"date-time":"2018-09-21T11:00:25Z","timestamp":1537527625000},"page":"147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":259,"title":["Vimentin Diversity in Health and Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Frida","family":"Danielsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Science for Life Laboratory, Royal Institute of Technology, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"McKenzie Kirsten","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 84112 Salt Lake City, Utah, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Caldeira Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, 9020105 Funchal, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8263-3386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franziska","family":"Lautenschl\u00e4ger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campus D2 2, Leibniz-Institut f\u00fcr Neue Materialien gGmbH (INM) and Experimental Physics, NT Faculty, E 2 6, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1098-9129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annica Karin Britt","family":"Gad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, 9020105 Funchal, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75237 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1078\/0171-9335-00206","article-title":"Vimentin and desmin of a cartilaginous fish, the shark Scyliorhinus stellaris: Sequence, expression patterns and in vitro assembly","volume":"80","author":"Schaffeld","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. 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