{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T16:46:31Z","timestamp":1791650791699,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]],"date-time":"2019-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 31270216"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 31270216"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), a pathogen that infects chickens and some other birds, triggers chronic respiratory disease (CRD) in chickens, which is characterized by inflammation. The investigation of microbial pathogenesis would contribute to the deep understanding of infection control. Since microribonucleic acids (miRNAs) play a key role in this process, gga-mir-146c, an upregulated miRNA upon MG infection, was selected according to our previous RNA-sequencing data. In this paper, we predicted and validated that MMP16 is one of gga-miR-146c target genes. Results show that MMP16 is the target of gga-miR-146c and gga-miR-146c can downregulate MMP16 expression within limits. gga-miR-146c upregulation significantly increased the expression of TLR6, NF-\u03baB p65, MyD88, and TNF-\u03b1, whereas the gga-miR-146c inhibitor led to an opposite result. gga-miR-146c upregulation effectively decreased apoptosis and stimulated DF-1 cells proliferation upon MG infection. On the contrary, gga-miR-146c inhibitor promoted apoptosis and repressed the proliferation. Collectively, our results suggest that gga-miR-146c upregulation upon MG infection represses MMP16 expression, activating TLR6\/MyD88\/NF-\u03baB pathway, promoting cell proliferation by inhibiting cell apoptosis, and, finally, enhancing cell cycle progression to defend against host MG infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8050501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]],"date-time":"2019-05-24T11:20:46Z","timestamp":1558696846000},"page":"501","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["gga-miR-146c Activates TLR6\/MyD88\/NF-\u03baB Pathway through Targeting MMP16 to Prevent Mycoplasma Gallisepticum (HS Strain) Infection in Chickens"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Kang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Ministry of Education, College of Animal science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9063-9240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yun","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Ministry of Education, College of Animal science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaiwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Ministry of Education, College of Animal science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yabo","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Ministry of Education, College of Animal science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yali","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Ministry of Education, College of Animal science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuli","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Ministry of Education, College of Animal science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-009-9330-y","article-title":"Granular Vulvovaginitis Syndrome in Nelore pubertal and post pubertal replacement heifers under tropical conditions: role of Mycoplasma spp., Ureaplasma diversum and BHV-1","volume":"41","author":"Gambarini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trop. 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