{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T02:26:04Z","timestamp":1790735164811,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,19]],"date-time":"2019-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","award":["2018R1A2A2A05018222"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018R1A2A2A05018222"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Under physiological conditions, microglia are unique immune cells resident in the brain that is isolated from the systemic immune system by brain-blood barrier. Following status epilepticus (SE, a prolonged seizure activity), microglia are rapidly activated and blood-derived monocytes that infiltrate the brain; therefore, the regulations of microglia activation and monocyte infiltration are one of the primary therapeutic strategies for inhibition of undesirable consequences from SE. Roscovitine, a potent (but not selective) cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) inhibitor, has been found to exert anti-inflammatory and microglia-inhibiting actions in several in vivo models, although the underlying mechanisms have not been clarified. In the present study, roscovitine attenuated SE-induces monocyte infiltration without vasogenic edema formation in the frontoparietal cortex (FPC), accompanied by reducing expressions of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) in resident microglia, while it did not affect microglia transformation to amoeboid form. Furthermore, roscovitine ameliorated the up-regulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) phosphorylation, but not nuclear factor-\u03baB-S276 phosphorylation. Similar to roscovitine, SB202190, a p38 MAPK inhibitor, mitigated monocyte infiltration and microglial expressions of MCP-1 and LAMP1 in the FPC following SE. Therefore, these findings suggest for the first time that roscovitine may inhibit SE-induced neuroinflammation via regulating p38 MAPK-mediated microglial responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8070746","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,22]],"date-time":"2019-07-22T02:55:37Z","timestamp":1563764137000},"page":"746","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Roscovitine Attenuates Microglia Activation and Monocyte Infiltration via p38 MAPK Inhibition in the Rat Frontoparietal Cortex Following Status Epilepticus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Ji-Eun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hana","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seo-Hyeon","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min-Jeong","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae-Cheon","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2623","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2000.00140.x","article-title":"Inflammatory cytokines and related genes are induced in the rat hippocampus by limbic status epilepticus","volume":"12","author":"Perego","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. 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