{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T10:37:59Z","timestamp":1773484679905,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,11]],"date-time":"2019-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015766","name":"Danone Nutricia Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FBG308556"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FBG308556"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015766","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport","award":["FPU15-02719"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FPU15-02719"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Colonization of the gut in early life can be altered through multiple environmental factors. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of 2\u2019-fucosyllactose (2\u2019-FL), a mixture of short-chain galactooligosaccharides\/long-chain fructooligosaccharides (scGOS\/lcFOS) 9:1 and their combination (scGOS\/lcFOS\/2\u2019-FL) on dysbiosis induced during rotavirus (RV) diarrhea in neonatal rats, elucidating crosstalk between bacteria and the immune system. The dietary interventions were administered daily by oral gavage at days 2\u20138 of life in neonatal Lewis rats. On day 5, RV SA11 was intragastrically delivered to induce infection and diarrhea assessment, microbiota composition, and gene expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the small intestine were studied. All dietary interventions showed reduction in clinical variables of RV-induced diarrhea. RV infection increased TLR2 expression, whereas 2\u2019-FL boosted TLR5 and TLR7 expressions and scGOS\/lcFOS increased that of TLR9. RV-infected rats displayed an intestinal dysbiosis that was effectively prevented by the dietary interventions, and consequently, their microbiota was more similar to microbiota of the noninfected groups. The preventive effect of 2\u2019-FL, scGOS\/lcFOS, and their combination on dysbiosis associated to RV diarrhea in rats could be due to changes in the crosstalk between gut microbiota and the innate immune system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8080876","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,12]],"date-time":"2019-08-12T06:38:02Z","timestamp":1565591882000},"page":"876","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Oligosaccharides Modulate Rotavirus-Associated Dysbiosis and TLR Gene Expression in Neonatal Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3990-7502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignasi","family":"Azagra-Boronat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mal\u00e9n","family":"Massot-Cladera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3700-9047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen","family":"Knipping","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Belinda","family":"van\u2018t Land","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"University Medical Centre Utrecht\/Wilhelmina Children\u2019s Hospital, Department of Pediatric Immunology, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Tims","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Stahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2103-5961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Knol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Garssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2362-1374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c0ngels","family":"Franch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5408-0593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarida","family":"Castell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6243-9164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco J.","family":"P\u00e9rez-Cano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria J.","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Lagunas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00427","article-title":"The intestinal microbiome in early life: health and disease","volume":"5","author":"Arrieta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. 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