{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T05:30:29Z","timestamp":1792042229620,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":228,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,12]],"date-time":"2019-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program)","award":["2015CB942800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015CB942800"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31730060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31730060"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["91539201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["91539201"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["91739304"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["91739304"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the 111 Program","award":["B14037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B14037"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), is a serine\/threonine protein kinase and belongs to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-related kinase (PIKK) family. mTOR interacts with other subunits to form two distinct complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2. mTORC1 coordinates cell growth and metabolism in response to environmental input, including growth factors, amino acid, energy and stress. mTORC2 mainly controls cell survival and migration through phosphorylating glucocorticoid-regulated kinase (SGK), protein kinase B (Akt), and protein kinase C (PKC) kinase families. The dysregulation of mTOR is involved in human diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and epilepsy. Tissue damage caused by trauma, diseases or aging disrupt the tissue functions. Tissue regeneration after injuries is of significance for recovering the tissue homeostasis and functions. Mammals have very limited regenerative capacity in multiple tissues and organs, such as the heart and central nervous system (CNS). Thereby, understanding the mechanisms underlying tissue regeneration is crucial for tissue repair and regenerative medicine. mTOR is activated in multiple tissue injuries. In this review, we summarize the roles of mTOR signaling in tissue regeneration such as neurons, muscles, the liver and the intestine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8091075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,12]],"date-time":"2019-09-12T10:56:06Z","timestamp":1568285766000},"page":"1075","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":126,"title":["Roles of mTOR Signaling in Tissue Regeneration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Xiangyong","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingfei","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinzi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.02.004","article-title":"mTOR Signaling in Growth, Metabolism, and Disease","volume":"168","author":"Saxton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11861","article-title":"mTOR is a key modulator of ageing and age-related disease","volume":"493","author":"Johnson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(92)90643-Q","article-title":"Rapamycin-FKBP specifically blocks growth-dependent activation of and signaling by the 70 kd S6 protein kinases","volume":"69","author":"Chung","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1038\/369756a0","article-title":"A mammalian protein targeted by G1-arresting rapamycin-receptor complex","volume":"369","author":"Brown","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2305","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.10.14.16586","article-title":"mTOR complex 2 signaling and functions","volume":"10","author":"Oh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-018-0205-1","article-title":"mTOR as a central hub of nutrient signalling and cell growth","volume":"21","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. 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