{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T05:02:49Z","timestamp":1791435769057,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":156,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,23]],"date-time":"2019-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF\u03b2) and Bone Morphogenic Protein (BMP) pathways intersect at multiple signaling hubs and cooperatively or counteractively participate to bring about cellular processes which are critical not only for tissue morphogenesis and organogenesis during development, but also for adult tissue homeostasis. The proper functioning of the TGF\u03b2\/BMP pathway depends on its communication with other signaling pathways and any deregulation leads to developmental defects or diseases, including fibrosis and cancer. In this review we explore the cellular and physio-pathological contexts in which the synergism or antagonism between the TGF\u03b2 and BMP pathways are crucial determinants for the normal developmental processes, as well as the progression of fibrosis and malignancies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8101130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,23]],"date-time":"2019-09-23T11:02:00Z","timestamp":1569236520000},"page":"1130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":142,"title":["The Interactivity between TGF\u03b2 and BMP Signaling in Organogenesis, Fibrosis, and Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Francesco","family":"Dituri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Gastroenterology \u201cS. De Bellis\u201d, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Cossu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Gastroenterology \u201cS. De Bellis\u201d, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2692-1169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serena","family":"Mancarella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Gastroenterology \u201cS. De Bellis\u201d, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluigi","family":"Giannelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Gastroenterology \u201cS. De Bellis\u201d, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1676121","article-title":"TGF\u03b2 as Multifaceted Orchestrator in HCC Progression: Signaling, EMT, Immune Microenvironment, and Novel Therapeutic Perspectives","volume":"39","author":"Dituri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin. Liver Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a021873","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a021873","article-title":"TGF\u03b2 and the TGF\u03b2 Family: Context-Dependent Roles in Cell and Tissue Physiology","volume":"8","author":"Morikawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. 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