{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T09:49:07Z","timestamp":1790675347032,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":162,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,27]],"date-time":"2019-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Centre of Excellence in Biomolecular Structure and Function on Host-Pathogen Interactions","award":["RC\/PR\/15450"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RC\/PR\/15450"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The complex nature and structure of the human immunodeficiency virus has rendered the cure for HIV infections elusive. The advances in antiretroviral treatment regimes and the development of highly advanced anti-retroviral therapy, which primarily targets the HIV enzymes, have dramatically changed the face of the HIV epidemic worldwide. Despite this remarkable progress, patients treated with these drugs often witness inadequate efficacy, compound toxicity and non-HIV complications. Considering the limited inventory of druggable HIV proteins and their susceptibility to develop drug resistance, recent attempts are focussed on targeting HIV-host interactomes that are essential for viral reproduction. Noticeably, unlike other viruses, HIV subverts the host nuclear pore complex to enter into and exit through the nucleus. Emerging evidence suggests a crucial role of interactions between HIV-1 proteins and host nucleoporins that underlie the import of the pre-integration complex into the nucleus and export of viral RNAs into the cytoplasm during viral replication. Nevertheless, the interaction of HIV-1 with nucleoporins has been poorly described and the role of nucleoporins during nucleocytoplasmic transport of HIV-1 still remains unclear. In this review, we highlight the advances and challenges in developing a more effective antiviral arsenal by exploring critical host-HIV interactions with a special focus on nuclear pore complex (NPC) and nucleoporins.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8101155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,27]],"date-time":"2019-09-27T11:14:35Z","timestamp":1569582875000},"page":"1155","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Host-HIV-1 Interactome: A Quest for Novel Therapeutic Intervention"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Ekta","family":"Shukla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Cell Science, S.P Pune University, Pune-411007, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radha","family":"Chauhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Cell Science, S.P Pune University, Pune-411007, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control (CDC) (1981). Pneumocystis Pneumonia - Los Angeles. Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep., 30, 250\u2013252."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5453.607","article-title":"AIDS as a Zoonosis: Scientific and Public Health Implications","volume":"287","author":"Hahn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6588","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0936469100","article-title":"Tracing the Origin and History of the HIV-2 Epidemic","volume":"100","author":"Lemey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"S31","article-title":"Understanding the Genetic Diversity of HIV-1","volume":"14","author":"McCutchan","year":"2000","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/S1246-7820(01)00131-8","article-title":"The Genetic Variability of HIV-1 and Its Implications","volume":"8","author":"Peeters","year":"2001","journal-title":"Transfus. Clin. Biol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Levy, J.A. (2007). HIV and the Pathogenesis of AIDS, ASM Press. [3rd ed.].","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555815653"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"UNAIDS (2019, September 10). Global HIV and AIDS Statistics\u20142019 Fact Sheet. Available online: https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/resources\/fact-sheet."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"UNAIDS (2018, August 01). 2018 Global AIDS Update Slides. Available online: https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/resources\/documents\/2018\/2018-global-aids-update-slides-part1."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2008.10.071","article-title":"Structure and Function of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase: Molecular Mechanisms of Polymerization and Inhibition","volume":"385","author":"Sarafianos","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026043388547","article-title":"Structure and Function of HIV-1 Integrase","volume":"4","author":"Chiu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Top Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1039\/b208248a","article-title":"HIV-1 Protease: Mechanism and Drug Discovery","volume":"1","author":"Brik","year":"2003","journal-title":"Org. Biomol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"1","article-title":"Functions of the HIV-1 Matrix Protein P17","volume":"29","author":"Fiorentini","year":"2006","journal-title":"New Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3503","article-title":"HIV-1 Capsid: The Multifaceted Key Player in HIV-1 Infection","volume":"13","author":"Campbell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.4161\/rna.7.6.14115","article-title":"Role of HIV-1 Nucleocapsid Protein in HIV-1 Reverse Transcription","volume":"7","author":"Levin","year":"2010","journal-title":"RNA Biol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1038\/31405","article-title":"Structure of an HIV Gp120 Envelope Glycoprotein in Complex with the CD4 Receptor and a Neutralizing Human Antibody","volume":"393","author":"Kwong","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02053-12","article-title":"The Tale of the Long Tail: The Cytoplasmic Domain of HIV-1 Gp41","volume":"87","author":"Postler","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4098","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612823666170704130635","article-title":"The HIV-1 Tat Protein: Mechanism of Action and Target for HIV-1 Cure Strategies","volume":"23","author":"Rice","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.52.1.491","article-title":"The HIV-1 Rev Protein","volume":"52","author":"Malim","year":"1998","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1111\/tra.12412","article-title":"HIV-1 Nef: Taking Control of Protein Trafficking","volume":"17","author":"Pereira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Traffic"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2012.11.010","article-title":"HIV-1 P6 - A Structured to Flexible Multifunctional Membrane-Interacting Protein","volume":"1828","author":"Solbak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Biomembranes"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2004.04.008","article-title":"The Viral Infectivity Factor (Vif) of HIV-1 Unveiled","volume":"10","author":"Rose","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez, M. (2017). The HIV-1 Vpr Protein: A Multifaceted Target for Therapeutic Intervention. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18010126"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.2174\/157016209787581508","article-title":"HIV-1 Vpr: A Closer Look at the Multifunctional Protein from the Structural Perspective","volume":"7","author":"Pandey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. HIV Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4352","DOI":"10.3390\/v7082824","article-title":"Vpu Protein: The Viroporin Encoded by HIV-1","volume":"7","year":"2015","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0703-867","article-title":"Twenty Years of Therapy for HIV-1 Infection","volume":"9","author":"Pomerantz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199803263381301","article-title":"Declining Morbidity and Mortality among Patients with HIV Infection: HIV Outpatient Study Investigators","volume":"338","author":"Palella","year":"1998","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e115","DOI":"10.4172\/2167-1052.1000e115","article-title":"High Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy for HIV\/AIDS, Progresses and Drawback","volume":"1","author":"Lu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2467383","article-title":"HIV with Reduced Sensitivity to Zidovudine (AZT) Isolated during Prolonged Therapy","volume":"243","author":"Larder","year":"1989","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S27","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200100005-00005","article-title":"Mechanisms of HIV-1 Drug Resistance","volume":"15","author":"Larder","year":"2001","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"USFDA (2019, July 03). HIV and AIDS Activities - Antiretroviral Drugs Used in the Treatment of HIV Infection, Available online: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/patients\/hiv-treatment\/antiretroviral-drugs-used-treatment-hiv-infection."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"97","article-title":"HIV-1 Coreceptors and Their Inhibitors","volume":"303","author":"Ray","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. Top Microbiol. Imm."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3716","DOI":"10.2174\/138161210794079218","article-title":"Inhibition of HIV-1 by Fusion Inhibitors","volume":"16","author":"Eggink","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1002\/med.20241","article-title":"HIV-1 NNRTIs: Structural Diversity, Pharmacophore Similarity, and Impliations for Drug Design","volume":"33","author":"Zhan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Waller, D.G., and Sampson, A.P. (2018). Chemotherapy of infections. Medical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Elsevier. [5th ed.].","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-7167-6.00051-8"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199804303381808","article-title":"HIV-Protease Inhibitors","volume":"338","author":"Flexner","year":"1998","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5453.646","article-title":"Inhibitors of Strand Transfer That Prevent Integration and Inhibit HIV-1 Replication in Cells","volume":"287","author":"Hazuda","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaufmann, D.E., Lichterfeld, M., Altfeld, M., Addo, M.M., Johnston, M.N., Lee, P.K., Wagner, B.S., Kalife, E.T., Strick, D., and Rosenberg, E.S. (2004). Limited Durability of Viral Control Following Treated Acute HIV Infection. PLoS Med., 137\u2013148.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0010036"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328011cb20","article-title":"Adherence in Antiretroviral Therapy: A Review of Qualitative Studies","volume":"21","author":"Vervoort","year":"2007","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199814000-00004","article-title":"Adverse Effects of Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors","volume":"12","author":"Brinkman","year":"1998","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32801022eb","article-title":"Antiretroviral Therapy and the Prevalence of Osteopenia and Osteoporosis","volume":"20","author":"Brown","year":"2006","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(16)30020-2","article-title":"Mortality and Causes of Death in People Diagnosed with HIV in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Compared with The General Population: An Analysis Of A National Observational Cohort","volume":"2","author":"Croxford","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12516","article-title":"Proteomics Approach to Understand Reduced Clearance of Mycobacteria and High Viral Titers during HIV--Mycobacteria Co-Infection","volume":"18","author":"Ganji","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22060","DOI":"10.1038\/srep22060","article-title":"Understanding HIV-Mycobacteria Synergism through Comparative Proteomics of Intra-Phagosomal Mycobacteria during Mono-and HIV Co-Infection","volume":"6","author":"Ganji","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2073","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra066267","article-title":"An HIV Vaccine - Evolving Concepts","volume":"356","author":"Johnston","year":"2007","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20161765","article-title":"Progress toward Active or Passive HIV-1 Vaccination","volume":"214","author":"Escolano","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI34706","article-title":"The Spread, Treatment, and Prevention of HIV-1: Evolution of a Global Pandemic","volume":"118","author":"Cohen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2017.08.006","article-title":"Targeted Immune Interventions for an HIV-1 Cure","volume":"23","author":"Perreau","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"CDC (2019, April 30). CDC HIV Basics, Available online: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/basics\/."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"(2019, May 31). NIH News Release, Available online: https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/news-events\/news-releases\/nih-trial-evaluates-long-acting-hiv-medication-unable-adhere-strict-daily-regimens."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2010.10.002","article-title":"How Viruses Hijack Cell Regulation","volume":"36","author":"Gibson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2014.04.052","article-title":"Use of Host-like Peptide Motifs in Viral Proteins Is a Prevalent Strategy in Host-Virus Interactions","volume":"7","author":"Hagai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meyniel-Schicklin, L., de Chassey, B., Andr\u00e9, P., and Lotteau, V. (2012). Viruses and Interactomes in Translation. Mol. Cell Proteom., 11.","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M111.014738"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-014-0115-1","article-title":"Virus-Host Interactomics: New Insights and Opportunities for Antiviral Drug Discovery","volume":"6","author":"Vonderscher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Med."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3199","DOI":"10.1039\/c3mb70343f","article-title":"Identification and Comparative Analysis of Hepatitis C Virus-Host Cell Protein Interactions","volume":"9","author":"Dolan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. BioSys."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mairiang, D., Zhang, H., Sodja, A., Murali, T., Suriyaphol, P., Malasit, P., Limjindaporn, T., and Finley, R.L. (2013). Identification of New Protein Interactions between Dengue Fever Virus and Its Hosts, Human and Mosquito. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0053535"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, M., Wang, L., and Li, S. (2017). Influenza A Virus-Host Protein Interactions Control Viral Pathogenesis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18081673"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00531","article-title":"Drug Repurposing Approaches for the Treatment of Influenza","volume":"10","author":"Pizzorno","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.09.001","article-title":"New Horizons for Antiviral Drug Discovery from Virus-Host Protein Interaction Networks","volume":"2","author":"Lotteau","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Virol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/s41426-018-0023-3","article-title":"Targeting Intracellular Signaling as an Antiviral Strategy: Aerosolized LASAG for the Treatment of Influenza in Hospitalized Patients","volume":"7","author":"Scheuch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerg. Microbes Infect."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.7.1.9","article-title":"Maraviroc: A New CCR5 Antagonist","volume":"7","author":"Sayana","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Anti Infect. Ther."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2229","article-title":"Intrinsic Antiviral Immunity","volume":"13","author":"Yan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40875","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R112.416925","article-title":"The Restriction Factors of Human Immunodeficiency Virus","volume":"287","author":"Harris","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a006940","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a006940","article-title":"HIV Restriction Factors and Mechanisms of Evasion","volume":"2","author":"Malim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect Med."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7099","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00272-07","article-title":"Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 CDNAs Produced in the Presence of APOBEC3G Exhibit Defects in Plus-Strand DNA Transfer and Integration","volume":"81","author":"Mbisa","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bishop, K.N., Verma, M., Kim, E.Y., Wolinsky, S.M., and Malim, M.H. (2008). APOBEC3G Inhibits Elongation of HIV-1 Reverse Transcripts. PLoS Pathog., 4.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000231"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5514","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0509996103","article-title":"Specific Recognition and Accelerated Uncoating of Retroviral Capsids by the TRIM5alpha Restriction Factor","volume":"103","author":"Stremlau","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2010.06.010","article-title":"BST-2 Tetherin a New Component of the Innate Immune Response to Enveloped Viruses","volume":"18","author":"Evans","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10117","article-title":"SAMHD1 Is the Dendritic- and Myeloid-Cell-Specific HIV-1 Restriction Factor Counteracted by Vpx","volume":"474","author":"Laguette","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dicks, M.D.J., Betancor, G., Jimenez-Guarde\u00f1o, J.M., Pessel-Vivares, L., Apolonia, L., Goujon, C., and Malim, M.H. (2018). Multiple Components of the Nuclear Pore Complex Interact with the Amino-Terminus of MX2 to Facilitate HIV-1 Restriction. PLoS Pathog., 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007408"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2008.04.008","article-title":"HIV-1 accessory proteins\u2014ensuring viral survival in a hostile environment","volume":"3","author":"Malim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1038\/nature00939","article-title":"Isolation of a Human Gene That Inhibits HIV-1 Infection and Is Suppressed by the Viral Vif Protein","volume":"418","author":"Sheehy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06553","article-title":"Tetherin Inhibits Retrovirus Release and Is Antagonized by HIV-1 Vpu","volume":"451","author":"Neil","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.3390\/v2051069","article-title":"HIV-1 Entry, Inhibitors, and Resistance","volume":"2","author":"Lobritz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2009.07.022","article-title":"Entry Inhibitors in the Treatment of HIV-1 Infection","volume":"85","author":"Tilton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2009.12.003","article-title":"Host Proteins Involved in HIV Infection: New Therapeutic Targets","volume":"1802","author":"Arhel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"ref_76","first-page":"845","article-title":"Vicriviroc, a CCR5 Receptor Antagonist for the Potential Treatment of HIV Infection","volume":"10","author":"Klibanov","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Investig. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00011-06","article-title":"The Yin and Yang of P-TEFb Regulation: Implications for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Gene Expression and Global Control of Cell Growth and Differentiation","volume":"70","author":"Zhou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7791","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.14.7791","article-title":"Recruitment of Cyclin T1\/P-TEFb to an HIV Type 1 Long Terminal Repeat Promoter Proximal RNA Target Is Both Necessary and Sufficient for Full Activation of Transcription","volume":"96","author":"Bieniasz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s12033-008-9040-0","article-title":"Knockdown of Cellular RNA Helicase DDX3 by Short Hairpin RNAs Suppresses HIV-1 Viral Replication without Inducing Apoptosis","volume":"39","author":"Ishaq","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36059","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M405226200","article-title":"The Human Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT-I) and Its Role in HIV-1 Budding","volume":"279","author":"Stuchell","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00506-2","article-title":"Tsg101 and the Vacuolar Protein Sorting Pathway Are Essential for HIV-1 Budding","volume":"107","author":"Garrus","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1790","article-title":"Beyond Tsg101: The Role of Alix in \u201cESCRTing\u201d HIV-1","volume":"5","author":"Fujii","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_83","first-page":"692","article-title":"Long-Term Control of HIV by CCR5 Delta32\/Delta32 Stem-Cell Transplantation","volume":"360","author":"Nowak","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2014.0224","article-title":"I Am the Berlin Patient: A Personal Reflection","volume":"31","author":"Brown","year":"2015","journal-title":"AIDS Res. Hum. Retrov."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1027-4","article-title":"HIV-1 Remission Following CCR5\u039432\/\u039432 Haematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation","volume":"568","author":"Gupta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1152725","article-title":"Identification of Host Proteins Required for HIV Infection through a Functional Genomic Screen","volume":"319","author":"Brass","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.07.032","article-title":"Global Analysis of Host-Pathogen Interactions That Regulate Early-Stage HIV-1 Replication","volume":"135","author":"Opaluch","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2008.10.004","article-title":"Genome-Scale RNAi Screen for Host Factors Required for HIV Replication","volume":"4","author":"Zhou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D417","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn708","article-title":"Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1, Human Protein Interaction Database at NCBI","volume":"37","author":"Fu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2008.0113","article-title":"Cataloguing the HIV-1 human protein interaction network","volume":"24","author":"Ptak","year":"2008","journal-title":"AIDS Res. Hum. Retrovir."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328325a495","article-title":"HIV-Host Interactions: A Map of Viral Perturbation of the Host System","volume":"23","author":"Pinney","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-3-74","article-title":"HIV Infection of Non-Dividing Cells: A Divisive Problem","volume":"3","author":"Fassati","year":"2006","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.083246","article-title":"The Nuclear Pore Complex - Structure and Function at a Glance","volume":"128","author":"Kabachinski","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2015.04.009","article-title":"Towards Understanding Nuclear Pore Complex Architecture and Dynamics in the Age of Integrative Structural Analysis","volume":"34","author":"Hurt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2016.147","article-title":"The Nuclear Pore Complex: Understanding Its Function through Structural Insight","volume":"18","author":"Beck","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2016.01.004","article-title":"Structure Determination of the Nuclear Pore Complex with Three-Dimensional Cryo Electron Microscopy","volume":"428","author":"Beck","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2010.05.001","article-title":"The Part and the Whole: Functions of Nucleoporins in Nucleocytoplasmic Transport","volume":"20","author":"Kehlenbach","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-386043-9.00006-2","article-title":"Nuclear Pore Complex. Biochemistry and Biophysics of Nucleocytoplasmic Transport in Health and Disease","volume":"287","author":"Jamali","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1230","article-title":"The Nuclear Pore Complex: Nucleocytoplasmic Transport and Beyond","volume":"4","author":"Hoelz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201008064","article-title":"HIV-1 Remodels the Nuclear Pore Complex","volume":"193","author":"Monette","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nunzio, F.D., Danckaert, A., Fricke, T., Perez, P., Fernandez, J., Perret, E., Roux, P., Shorte, S., Charneau, P., and Diaz-Griffero, F. (2012). Human Nucleoporins Promote HIV-1 Docking at the Nuclear Pore, Nuclear Import and Integration. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046037"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2483","DOI":"10.3390\/v5102483","article-title":"Viral and Cellular Requirements for the Nuclear Entry of Retroviral Preintegration Nucleoprotein Complexes","volume":"5","author":"Matreyek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"ref_103","first-page":"70","article-title":"The HIV-1 Passage from Cytoplasm to Nucleus: The Process Involving a Complex Exchange between the Components of HIV-1 and Cellular Machinery to Access Nucleus and Successful Integration","volume":"3","author":"Jayappa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1579","article-title":"The Road to Chromatin - Nuclear Entry of Retroviruses","volume":"5","author":"Suzuki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1038\/365666a0","article-title":"A Nuclear Localization Signal within HIV-1 Matrix Protein That Governs Infection of Non-Dividing Cells","volume":"365","author":"Burkinsky","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Von Schwedler, U., Kornbluth, R.S., and Trono, D. (2006). The Nuclear Localization Signal of the Matrix Protein of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Allows the Establishment of Infection in Macrophages and Quiescent T Lymphocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 6992\u20136996.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.15.6992"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.143.4.875","article-title":"Characterization of HIV-1 Vpr Nuclear Import: Analysis of Signals and Pathways","volume":"91","author":"Jenkins","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(98)00645-0","article-title":"A Peptide Derived from the N-Terminal Region of HIV-1 Vpr Promotes Nuclear Import in Permeabilized Cells: Elucidation of the NLS Region of the Vpr","volume":"429","author":"Karni","year":"1998","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9825","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.18.9825","article-title":"HIV-1 Infection of Nondividing Cells through the Recognition of Integrase by the Importin\/Karyopherin Pathway","volume":"94","author":"Gallay","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18102","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M009029200","article-title":"Characterization of the Nuclear Import Pathway for HIV-1 Integrase","volume":"276","author":"Depienne","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1139\/cjm-2015-0350","article-title":"Cellular and Viral Determinants of Retroviral Nuclear Entry","volume":"62","author":"Hamid","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2018.02.006","article-title":"Let Me in: Control of HIV Nuclear Entry at the Nuclear Envelope","volume":"40","author":"Bhargava","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10544","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.317057","article-title":"Contribution of Host Nucleoporin 62 in HIV-1 Integrase Chromatin Association and Viral DNA Integration","volume":"287","author":"Ao","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14209","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.23.14209","article-title":"Nup358, a Cytoplasmically Exposed Nucleoporin with Peptide Repeats, Ran- GTP Binding Sites, Zinc Fingers, a Cyclophilin a Homologous Domain, and a Leucine-Rich Region","volume":"270","author":"Wu","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1038\/376184a0","article-title":"A Giant Nucleopore Protein That Binds Ran\/TC4","volume":"376","author":"Yokoyama","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Francis, A.C., and Melikyan, G.B. (2018). Live-Cell Imaging of Early Steps of Single HIV-1 Infection. Viruses, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/v10050275"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rawle, D.J., and Harrich, D. (2018). Toward the \u201cUnravelling\u201d of HIV: Host Cell Factors Involved in HIV-1 Core Uncoating. PLoS Pathog., 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007270"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-10-81","article-title":"HIV-1capsid undergoes coupled binding and isomerization by the nuclear pore proteinNUP358","volume":"10","author":"Bichel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2013.09.003","article-title":"New Insights in the Role of Nucleoporins: A Bridge Leading to Concerted Steps from HIV-1 Nuclear Entry until Integration","volume":"178","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schaller, T., Ocwieja, K.E., Rasaiyaah, J., Price, A.J., Brady, T.L., Roth, S.L., Hu\u00e9, S., Fletcher, A.J., Lee, K.E., and KewalRamani, V.N. (2011). HIV-1 Capsid-Cyclophilin Interactions Determine Nuclear Import Pathway, Integration Targeting and Replication Efficiency. PLoS Pathog., 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002439"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2013.01.021","article-title":"Structural and Functional Analysis of the C-Terminal Domain of Nup358\/RanBP2","volume":"425","author":"Lin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1982","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/18.7.1982","article-title":"Nup153 Is an M9-Containing Mobile Nucleoporin with a Novel Ran-Binding Domain","volume":"18","author":"Nakielny","year":"1999","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2013.02.008","article-title":"Nup153 and Nup98 Bind the HIV-1 Core and Contribute to the Early Steps of HIV-1 Replication","volume":"440","author":"Souque","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2005.06.034","article-title":"Nucleoporin Domain Topology Is Linked to the Transport Status of the Nuclear Pore Complex","volume":"351","author":"Paulillo","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s00412-005-0019-3","article-title":"Versatility at the Nuclear Pore Complex: Lessons Learned from the Nucleoporin Nup153","volume":"114","author":"Ball","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chromosoma"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)00014-3","article-title":"Structural basis for the interaction between FXFG nucleoporin repeats and importin-beta in nuclear trafficking","volume":"102","author":"Bayliss","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6522","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02061-08","article-title":"Integrase Interacts with Nucleoporin NUP153 To Mediate the Nuclear Import of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1","volume":"83","author":"Woodward","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7818","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00325-11","article-title":"The Requirement for Nucleoporin NUP153 during Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection Is Determined by the Viral Capsid","volume":"85","author":"Matreyek","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e04-07-0583","article-title":"The Functionally Conserved Nucleoporins Nup124p from Fission Yeast and the Human Nup153 Mediate Nuclear Import and Activity of the Tf1 Retrotransposon and HIV-1 Vpr","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2803","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biochem.6b01050","article-title":"The Nup62 Coiled-Coil Motif Provides Plasticity for Triple-Helix Bundle Formation","volume":"56","author":"Dewangan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.3558","article-title":"Evolutionary Divergence of the Nuclear Pore Complex from Fungi to Metazoans","volume":"8","author":"Chopra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prot. Sci."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.01.011","article-title":"Nucleoporins Directly Stimulate Expression of Developmental and Cell-Cycle Genes Inside the Nucleoplasm","volume":"140","author":"Kalverda","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01148-12","article-title":"Differential Effects of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Capsid and Cellular Factors Nucleoporin 153 and LEDGF\/P75 on the Efficiency and Specificity of Viral DNA Integration","volume":"87","author":"Koh","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.1126\/science.280.5371.1880","article-title":"HIV-1 Regulatory\/Accessory Genes: Keys to Unraveling Viral and Host Cell Biology","volume":"280","author":"Emerman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.11.8.1099","article-title":"HIV-1 Regulatory Proteins: Targets for Novel Drug Development","volume":"11","author":"Ptak","year":"2005","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Investigl. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_136","first-page":"1210","article-title":"The Arginine-Rich Domains Present in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Tat and Rev Function as Direct Importin \u03b2-Dependent Nuclear Localization Signals","volume":"19","author":"Truant","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12686","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.12686","article-title":"The Two Sides of Tat","volume":"19","author":"Barboric","year":"2016","journal-title":"ELife"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-1-35","article-title":"Within You, without You: HIV-1 Rev and RNA Export","volume":"1","author":"Dayton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3941","DOI":"10.1021\/bi9627931","article-title":"Nucleolar Protein B23 Stimulates Nuclear Import of the HIV-1 Rev Protein and NLS-Conjugated Albumin","volume":"36","author":"Szebeni","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.1.120-127.1999","article-title":"Nucleoporins Nup98 and Nup214 Participate in Nuclear Export of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Rev","volume":"73","author":"Zolotukhin","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6772","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00342-06","article-title":"Nup214 Is Required for CRM1-Dependent Nuclear Protein Export In Vivo","volume":"26","author":"Hutten","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(06)00335-6","article-title":"The Importin-Beta Family Member Crm1p Bridges the Interaction between Rev and the Nuclear Pore complex during nuclear export","volume":"7","author":"Neville","year":"1997","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.152.5.895","article-title":"Cofactor Requirements for Nuclear Export of Rev Response Element (RRE)- and Constitutive Transport Element (CTE)-Containing Retroviral RNAs: An Unexpected Role for Actin","volume":"152","author":"Hofmann","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S25","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200317004-00003","article-title":"Virus-Host Interactions: Role of HIV Proteins Vif, Tat, and Rev","volume":"17","author":"Strebel","year":"2003","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2017.05.004","article-title":"The Functional Versatility of the Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins","volume":"68","author":"Hezwani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-018-1748-8","article-title":"Moonlighting Nuclear Pore Proteins: Tissue-Specific Nucleoporin Function in Health and Disease","volume":"150","author":"Fahrenkrog","year":"2018","journal-title":"Histochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201745497","article-title":"Nup62-mediated nuclear import of p63 in squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"19","author":"Borlido","year":"2018","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.07.015","article-title":"Nuclear Pores Promote Lethal Prostate Cancer by Increasing POM121-Driven E2F1, MYC, and AR Nuclear Import","volume":"174","author":"Pippa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7571","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00288-07","article-title":"Quantitative Analysis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected CD4+ Cell Proteome: Dysregulated Cell Cycle Progression and Nuclear Transport Coincide with Robust Virus Production","volume":"88","author":"Chan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9283","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00814-09","article-title":"Dynamic Host Energetics and Cytoskeletal Proteomes in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Human Primary CD4 Cells: Analysis by Multiplexed Label-Free Mass Spectrometry","volume":"83","author":"Chan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1038\/msb.2013.4","article-title":"Cell Type-Specific Nuclear Pores: A Case in Point For Context-Dependent Stoichiometry Of Molecular Machines","volume":"9","author":"Ori","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Sys. Biol."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35738","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.35738","article-title":"Nuclear Pore Heterogeneity Influences HIV-1 Infection and the Antiviral Activity of MX2","volume":"7","author":"Kane","year":"2018","journal-title":"ELife"},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2011.11.021","article-title":"A Change in Nuclear Pore Complex Composition Regulates Cell Differentiation","volume":"22","author":"Mei","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3461","article-title":"Nuclear Pore Complex Composition: A New Regulator of Tissue-Specific and Developmental Functions","volume":"13","author":"Raices","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.4161\/nucl.27928","article-title":"Nuclear Assembly as a Target for Anti-Cancer Therapies","volume":"5","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucleus"},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kosyna, F., and Depping, R. (2018). Controlling the Gatekeeper: Therapeutic Targeting of Nuclear Transport. Cells, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells7110221"},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9112","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.16.9112","article-title":"Leptomycin B Inactivates CRM1\/Exportin 1 by Covalent Modification at a Cysteine Residue in the Central Conserved Region","volume":"96","author":"Kudo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.3390\/cells4030538","article-title":"Structural Basis of Targeting the Exportin CRM1 in Cancer","volume":"4","author":"Dickmanns","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1996.415","article-title":"Phase I trial of elactocin","volume":"74","author":"Newlands","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2010.07.010","article-title":"Strategies to Inhibit Viral Protein Nuclear Import: HIV-1 as a Target","volume":"1813","author":"Levin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Mol. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-6-112","article-title":"Inhibition of HIV-1 Integrase Nuclear Import and Replication by a Peptide Bearing Integrase Putative Nuclear Localization Signal","volume":"6","author":"Levin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2010.02.100","article-title":"Mechanism of Action of the HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitory Peptide LEDGF","volume":"394","author":"Hayouka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm."}],"container-title":["Cells"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/8\/10\/1155\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:24:57Z","timestamp":1760189097000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/8\/10\/1155"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,27]]},"references-count":162,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]}},"alternative-id":["cells8101155"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells8101155","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,27]]}}}