{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T01:10:05Z","timestamp":1790385005796,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]],"date-time":"2019-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Patients with glioblastoma (GB), a highly aggressive brain tumor, have a median survival of 14.6 months following neurosurgical resection and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Quiescent GB cancer stem cells (CSCs) invariably cause local recurrence. These GB CSCs can be identified by embryonic stem cell markers, express components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and are associated with circulating CSCs. Despite the presence of circulating CSCs, GB patients rarely develop distant metastasis outside the central nervous system. This paper reviews the current literature on GB growth inhibition in relation to CSCs, circulating CSCs, the RAS and the novel therapeutic approach by repurposing drugs that target the RAS to improve overall symptom-free survival and maintain quality of life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8111364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]],"date-time":"2019-10-31T12:38:23Z","timestamp":1572525503000},"page":"1364","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Therapeutic Targeting of Cancer Stem Cells in Human Glioblastoma by Manipulating the Renin-Angiotensin System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Wellington Regional Hospital, Wellington 6021, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3648-3633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Imogen","family":"Roth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington 6021, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agadha","family":"Wickremesekera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Wellington Regional Hospital, Wellington 6021, New Zealand"},{"name":"Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington 6021, New Zealand"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington 6021, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Kaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Centre, Jerusalem 91120, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3971-5380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theo","family":"Mantamadiotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3505-7387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stanley","family":"Stylli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swee","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington 6021, New Zealand"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia"},{"name":"Wellington Regional Plastic, Maxillofacial &amp; Burns Unit, Hutt Hospital, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-016-1545-1","article-title":"The 2016 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: A summary","volume":"131","author":"Louis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043330","article-title":"Radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide for glioblastoma","volume":"352","author":"Stupp","year":"2005","journal-title":"N. 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