{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:19:32Z","timestamp":1790835572859,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,21]],"date-time":"2019-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI18\/0919"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI18\/0919"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ag\u00e8ncia de Gesti\u00f3 d\u2019Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca","award":["2017-SGR-00333"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-SGR-00333"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades (MICIU)","award":["RTI2018-094727-B-100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTI2018-094727-B-100"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI18\/0919"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI18\/0919"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lysyl oxidase (LOX) proteins comprise a family of five copper-dependent enzymes (LOX and four LOX-like isoenzymes (LOXL1\u20134)) critical for extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis and remodeling. The primary role of LOX enzymes is to oxidize lysyl and hydroxylysyl residues from collagen and elastin chains into highly reactive aldehydes, which spontaneously react with surrounding amino groups and other aldehydes to form inter- and intra-catenary covalent cross-linkages. Therefore, they are essential for the synthesis of a mature ECM and assure matrix integrity. ECM modulates cellular phenotype and function, and strikingly influences the mechanical properties of tissues. This explains the critical role of these enzymes in tissue homeostasis, and in tissue repair and remodeling. Cardiac ECM is mainly composed of fibrillar collagens which form a complex network that provides structural and biochemical support to cardiac cells and regulates cell signaling pathways. It is now becoming apparent that cardiac performance is affected by the structure and composition of the ECM and that any disturbance of the ECM contributes to cardiac disease progression. This review article compiles the major findings on the contribution of the LOX family to the development and progression of myocardial disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8121483","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,22]],"date-time":"2019-11-22T02:49:27Z","timestamp":1574390967000},"page":"1483","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["The Role of Lysyl Oxidase Enzymes in Cardiac Function and Remodeling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6472-5647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau-Programa ICCC, 08025 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3894-7166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas de Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1358\/dnp.2008.21.4.1213351","article-title":"Lysyl oxidase as a potential therapeutic target","volume":"21","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drug News Perspect."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.10413","article-title":"Lysyl oxidase: Properties, specificity, and biological roles inside and outside of the cell","volume":"88","author":"Kagan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. 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