{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T01:45:16Z","timestamp":1787795116002,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,24]],"date-time":"2019-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["MOST 107-2314-B-007-003-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 107-2314-B-007-003-MY3"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004737","name":"National Health Research Institutes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NHRI-EX107-10514BI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NHRI-EX107-10514BI"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004737","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Frontier Research Center within the framework of the Higher Education Sprout Project by the Ministry of Education","award":["MOE 107QR001I5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOE 107QR001I5"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Myeloid-derived cells have been implicated as playing essential roles in cancer therapy, particularly in cancer immunotherapy. Most studies have focused on either CD11b+Ly6G+Ly6C+ granulocytic or polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSCs or PMN-MDSCs) or CD11b+Ly6G\u2212Ly6C+ monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSCs), for which clear roles have been established. On the other hand, CD11b+Ly6G\u2212Ly6C\u2212 myeloid-derived cells (MDCs) have been less well studied. Here, the CD11b-diphtheria toxin receptor (CD11b-DTR) transgenic mouse model was used to evaluate the role of CD11b+ myeloid-derived cells in chemotherapy for an orthotopic murine astrocytoma, ALTS1C1. Using this transgenic mouse model, two injections of diphtheria toxin (DT) could effectively deplete CD11b+Ly6G\u2212Ly6C\u2212 MDCs while leaving CD11b+Ly6G+Ly6C+ PMN-MDSCs and CD11b+Ly6G\u2212Ly6C+ M-MDSCs intact. Depletion of CD11b+Ly6G\u2212Ly6C\u2212 MDCs in mice bearing ALTS1C1-tk tumors and receiving ganciclovir (GCV) prolonged the mean survival time for mice from 30.7 to 37.8 days, but not the controls, while the effectiveness of temozolomide was enhanced. Mechanistically, depletion of CD11b+Ly6G\u2212Ly6C\u2212 MDCs blunted therapy-induced increases in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and compromised therapy-elicited angiogenesis. Collectively, our findings suggest that CD11b+Ly6G\u2212Ly6C\u2212 MDCs could be manipulated to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy for brain tumors. However, our study also cautions that the timing of any MDC manipulation may be critical to achieve the best therapeutic result.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9010051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,24]],"date-time":"2019-12-24T10:28:43Z","timestamp":1577183323000},"page":"51","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Distinct Role of CD11b+Ly6G\u2212Ly6C\u2212 Myeloid-Derived Cells on the Progression of the Primary Tumor and Therapy-Associated Recurrent Brain Tumor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Sheng-Yan","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2581-4129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chi-Shiun","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan"},{"name":"Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-007-0243-4","article-title":"The 2007 WHO classification of tumours of the central nervous system","volume":"114","author":"Louis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nou087","article-title":"The epidemiology of glioma in adults: A \u201cstate of the science\u201d review","volume":"16","author":"Ostrom","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2572","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1999.17.8.2572","article-title":"Outcomes and prognostic factors in recurrent glioma patients enrolled onto phase II clinical trials","volume":"17","author":"Wong","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. 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