{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T06:24:23Z","timestamp":1790144663446,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":207,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,15]],"date-time":"2020-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>microRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level, inducing the degradation of the target mRNA or translational repression. MiRNAs are involved in the control of a multiplicity of biological processes, and their absence or altered expression has been associated with a variety of human diseases, including cancer. Recently, extracellular miRNAs (ECmiRNAs) have been described as mediators of intercellular communication in multiple contexts, including tumor microenvironment. Cancer cells cooperate with stromal cells and elements of the extracellular matrix (ECM) to establish a comfortable niche to grow, to evade the immune system, and to expand. Within the tumor microenvironment, cells release ECmiRNAs and other factors in order to influence and hijack the physiological processes of surrounding cells, fostering tumor progression. Here, we discuss the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of multicomplex diseases, such as Alzheimer\u2019s disease, obesity, and cancer, focusing on the contribution of both intracellular miRNAs, and of released ECmiRNAs in the establishment and development of cancer niche. We also review growing evidence suggesting the use of miRNAs as novel targets or potential tools for therapeutic applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9010220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,17]],"date-time":"2020-01-17T04:14:41Z","timestamp":1579234481000},"page":"220","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["miRNAs as Influencers of Cell\u2013Cell Communication in Tumor Microenvironment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7276-3168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilaria","family":"Conti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Varano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Simioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Laface","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Milani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Rimondi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca M.","family":"Neri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"},{"name":"LTTA\u2014Electron Microscopy Center, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1038\/227561a0","article-title":"Central Dogma of Molecular Biology","volume":"227","author":"Crick","year":"1970","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2008.11.004","article-title":"Rethinking the central dogma: Noncoding RNAs are biologically relevant","volume":"27","author":"Robinson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Urol. 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