{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T12:01:24Z","timestamp":1792670484244,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,16]],"date-time":"2020-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R01HL089315-11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01HL089315-11"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18POST33990223"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18POST33990223"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17POST33410497"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17POST33410497"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GRFP DGE-1147470"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRFP DGE-1147470"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010261","name":"Thoracic Surgery Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Resident Research Award 2019-2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Resident Research Award 2019-2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010261","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Newborn mice and piglets exhibit natural heart regeneration after myocardial infarction (MI). Discovering other mammals with this ability would provide evidence that neonatal cardiac regeneration after MI may be a conserved phenotype, which if activated in adults could open new options for treating ischemic cardiomyopathy in humans. Here, we hypothesized that newborn rats undergo natural heart regeneration after MI. Using a neonatal rat MI model, we performed left anterior descending coronary artery ligation or sham surgery in one-day-old rats under hypothermic circulatory arrest (n = 74). Operative survival was 97.3%. At 1 day post-surgery, rats in the MI group exhibited significantly reduced ejection fraction (EF) compared to shams (87.1% vs. 53.0%, p &lt; 0.0001). At 3 weeks post-surgery, rats in the sham and MI groups demonstrated no difference in EF (71.1% vs. 69.2%, respectively, p = 0.2511), left ventricular wall thickness (p = 0.9458), or chamber diameter (p = 0.7801). Masson\u2019s trichome and picrosirius red staining revealed minimal collagen scar after MI. Increased numbers of cardiomyocytes positive for 5-ethynyl-2\u2032-deoxyuridine (p = 0.0072), Ki-67 (p = 0.0340), and aurora B kinase (p = 0.0430) were observed within the peri-infarct region after MI, indicating ischemia-induced cardiomyocyte proliferation. Overall, we present a neonatal rat MI model and demonstrate that newborn rats are capable of endogenous neocardiomyogenesis after MI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9010229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,17]],"date-time":"2020-01-17T07:39:02Z","timestamp":1579246742000},"page":"229","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Natural Heart Regeneration in a Neonatal Rat Myocardial Infarction Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2367-5591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanjay","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"},{"name":"Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1730-0678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J.","family":"Paulsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"},{"name":"Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camille E.","family":"Hironaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hye Sook","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin M.","family":"Farry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akshara D.","family":"Thakore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinsuh","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haley J.","family":"Lucian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anahita","family":"Eskandari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shreya","family":"Anilkumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew A.","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana C.","family":"Cabatu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda N.","family":"Steele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyndsay M.","family":"Stapleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanjia","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"},{"name":"Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y. Joseph","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"},{"name":"Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e56","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000659","article-title":"American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2019 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association","volume":"139","author":"Benjamin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e31820a55f5","article-title":"Forecasting the future of cardiovascular disease in the United States: A policy statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"123","author":"Heidenreich","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17451","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-16980-4","article-title":"Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfate adjunct therapy reduces high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level in coronary artery disease patients: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. 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