{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T19:30:44Z","timestamp":1792179044704,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,14]],"date-time":"2020-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF2R) plays a major role in binding and regulating the circulating and tissue levels of the mitogenic peptide insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2). IGF2\/IGF2R interaction influences cell growth, survival, and migration in normal tissue development, and the deregulation of IGF2R expression has been associated with growth-related disease and cancer. IGF2R overexpression has been implicated in heart and muscle disease progression. Recent research findings suggest novel approaches to target IGF2R action. This review highlights recent advances in the understanding of the IGF2R structure and pathways related to muscle homeostasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9020441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,25]],"date-time":"2020-02-25T04:21:26Z","timestamp":1582604486000},"page":"441","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Role of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Receptor 2 across Muscle Homeostasis: Implications for Treating Muscular Dystrophy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Yvan","family":"Torrente","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Unit of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS C\u00e0 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Dino Ferrari Center, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"Bella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Unit of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS C\u00e0 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Dino Ferrari Center, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luana","family":"Tripodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Unit of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS C\u00e0 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Dino Ferrari Center, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Villa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Unit of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS C\u00e0 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Dino Ferrari Center, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Farini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Unit of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS C\u00e0 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Dino Ferrari Center, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2009.07.003","article-title":"Keeping IGF-II under control: Lessons from the IGF-II-IGF2R crystal structure","volume":"34","author":"Brown","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R321","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-13-0231","article-title":"IGF2 and cancer","volume":"20","author":"Livingstone","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocr. Relat. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.133.2.8344189","article-title":"Characterization of mannose 6-phosphate receptors (MPRs) from opossum liver: Opossum cation-independent MPR binds insulin-like growth factor-II","volume":"133","author":"Dahms","year":"1993","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38658","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M407474200","article-title":"Identification of a low affinity mannose 6-phosphate-binding site in domain 5 of the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor","volume":"279","author":"Reddy","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1016\/j.str.2007.07.007","article-title":"Structural insights into the interaction of insulin-like growth factor 2 with IGF2R domain 11","volume":"15","author":"Williams","year":"2007","journal-title":"Structure"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.2000.9875","article-title":"IGF-II promotes mesoderm formation","volume":"227","author":"Morali","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.06.036","article-title":"Mannose-6-phosphate\/insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (M6P\/IGF2R) in carcinogenesis","volume":"289","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2141","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-121-6-2141","article-title":"Insulin-like growth factor gene expression during rat embryonic development","volume":"121","author":"Rotwein","year":"1987","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4400738","article-title":"IGF-II ameliorates the dystrophic phenotype and coordinately down-regulates programmed cell death","volume":"7","author":"Smith","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-05-3107","article-title":"Delayed onset of Igf2-induced mammary tumors in Igf2r transgenic mice","volume":"66","author":"Wise","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-2117-9","article-title":"Upregulation of IGF2R evades lysosomal dysfunction-induced apoptosis of cervical cancer cells via transport of cathepsins","volume":"10","author":"Takeda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20140","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.7917","article-title":"Survival kinase genes present prognostic significance in glioblastoma","volume":"7","author":"Varghese","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60727","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.18337","article-title":"Blocking epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in glioblastoma with a sextet of repurposed drugs: The EIS regimen","volume":"8","author":"Kast","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.253534","article-title":"Regenerative biomarkers for Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"14","author":"Guiraud","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddn376","article-title":"Shifts in macrophage phenotypes and macrophage competition for arginine metabolism affect the severity of muscle pathology in muscular dystrophy","volume":"18","author":"Villalta","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1010966","DOI":"10.1080\/21675511.2015.1010966","article-title":"The immune system in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Friend or foe","volume":"3","author":"Villalta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rare Dis."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2011.08.001","article-title":"Endpoint measures in the mdx mouse relevant for muscular dystrophy pre-clinical studies","volume":"22","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuromuscul. Disord."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1179\/174313209X380847","article-title":"The clinical course of calpainopathy (LGMD2A) and dysferlinopathy (LGMD2B)","volume":"32","author":"Angelini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurol. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07815-7","article-title":"The muscular dystrophies","volume":"359","author":"Emery","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbi.2007.07.007","article-title":"Insulin receptor structure and its implications for the IGF-1 receptor","volume":"17","author":"Lawrence","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-201x.1999.00618.x","article-title":"Contribution of satellite cells to IGF-I induced hypertrophy of skeletal muscle","volume":"167","author":"Shoturma","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-17-0032","article-title":"IGF1 stimulates greater muscle hypertrophy in the absence of myostatin in male mice","volume":"234","author":"Hennebry","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.061119","article-title":"A growth stimulus is needed for IGF-1 to induce skeletal muscle hypertrophy in vivo","volume":"123","author":"Shavlakadze","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092738","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1092738","article-title":"The Potential Role of Aerobic Exercise-Induced Pentraxin 3 on Obesity-Related Inflammation and Metabolic Dysregulation","volume":"2017","author":"Slusher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00123364","article-title":"Cloning and characterization of an IGF-1 isoform expressed in skeletal muscle subjected to stretch","volume":"17","author":"Yang","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Muscle Res. Cell. Motil."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.04.002","article-title":"Role of IGF-I in skeletal muscle mass maintenance","volume":"20","author":"Clemmons","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"481","article-title":"Growth hormone and the insulin-like growth factor system in myogenesis","volume":"17","author":"Florini","year":"1996","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8586","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M210640200","article-title":"Characterization of prominin-2, a new member of the prominin family of pentaspan membrane glycoproteins","volume":"278","author":"Fargeas","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.106.058230","article-title":"Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 2 stimulates steroidogenesis and mitosis of bovine granulosa cells through the IGF1 receptor: Role of follicle-stimulating hormone and IGF2 receptor","volume":"77","author":"Spicer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200307158","article-title":"IGF-II transcription in skeletal myogenesis is controlled by mTOR and nutrients","volume":"163","author":"Erbay","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201007165","article-title":"IGF-II is regulated by microRNA-125b in skeletal myogenesis","volume":"192","author":"Ge","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200434120-00002","article-title":"Effects of aging on muscle fibre type and size","volume":"34","author":"Deschenes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1999.0213","article-title":"Early decrease of IIx myosin heavy chain transcripts in Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"255","author":"Pedemonte","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Merrick, D., Ting, T., Stadler, L.K., and Smith, J. (2007). A role for Insulin-like growth factor 2 in specification of the fast skeletal muscle fibre. BMC Dev. Biol., 7.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-213X-7-65"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12766","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx896","article-title":"Loss of imprinting mutations define both distinct and overlapping roles for misexpression of IGF2 and of H19 lncRNA","volume":"45","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"3106","article-title":"Paxillin-dependent regulation of IGF2 and H19 gene cluster expression","volume":"128","author":"Marasek","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0993-74","article-title":"The insulin-like growth factor type-2 receptor gene is imprinted in the mouse but not in humans","volume":"5","author":"Kalscheuer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.1994.1021","article-title":"The mouse insulin-like growth factor II\/cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate (IGF-II\/MPR) receptor gene: Molecular cloning and genomic organization","volume":"19","author":"Szebenyi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-69080-3_28","article-title":"Is the mannose-6-phosphate\/insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor coded by a breast cancer suppressor gene?","volume":"617","author":"Lemamy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31399","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)84052-8","article-title":"Insulin-like growth factors mediate heterotrimeric G protein-dependent ERK1\/2 activation by transactivating sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors","volume":"281","author":"Johnson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12120","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)45324-0","article-title":"Insulin-like growth factor II stimulates calcium influx in competent BALB\/c 3T3 cells primed with epidermal growth factor. Characteristics of calcium influx and involvement of GTP-binding protein","volume":"262","author":"Nishimoto","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14029","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)71637-2","article-title":"Possible direct linkage of insulin-like growth factor-II receptor with guanine nucleotide-binding proteins","volume":"264","author":"Nishimoto","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.22728","article-title":"Histone acetylation is essential for ANG-II-induced IGF-IIR gene expression in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells and pathologically hypertensive rat heart","volume":"227","author":"Chu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1677\/JME-08-0051","article-title":"IGF-II\/mannose 6-phosphate receptor activation induces metalloproteinase-9 matrix activity and increases plasminogen activator expression in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells","volume":"41","author":"Chang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1677\/JME-08-0121","article-title":"Leu27IGF2 plays an opposite role to IGF1 to induce H9c2 cardiomyoblast cell apoptosis via Galphaq signaling","volume":"43","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5425","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.238410","article-title":"Activation of IGF-2R stimulates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in the late gestation sheep fetus","volume":"590","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.4077\/CJP.2009.AMH004","article-title":"Enhancement of AG1024-induced H9c2 cardiomyoblast cell apoptosis via the interaction of IGF2R with Galpha proteins and its downstream PKA and PLC-beta modulators by IGF-II","volume":"52","author":"Chu","year":"2009","journal-title":"CHINESE J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2455","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2016.356","article-title":"Doxorubicin attenuates CHIP-guarded HSF1 nuclear translocation and protein stability to trigger IGF-IIR-dependent cardiomyocyte death","volume":"7","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.112.100388","article-title":"IGF-2R-mediated signaling results in hypertrophy of cultured cardiomyocytes from fetal sheep","volume":"86","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2009.09.013","article-title":"CREG inhibits migration of human vascular smooth muscle cells by mediating IGF-II endocytosis","volume":"315","author":"Han","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1677\/JOE-07-0619","article-title":"IGF-II\/mannose-6-phosphate receptor signaling induced cell hypertrophy and atrial natriuretic peptide\/BNP expression via Galphaq interaction and protein kinase C-alpha\/CaMKII activation in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells","volume":"197","author":"Chu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-06-162891","article-title":"Endothelial progenitor cell homing: Prominent role of the IGF2-IGF2R-PLCbeta2 axis","volume":"113","author":"Maeng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00852","article-title":"Calcium in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Elasticity and Adhesion: Novel Insights Into the Mechanism of Action","volume":"10","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H918","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00315.2015","article-title":"Attenuated sarcomere lengthening of the aged murine left ventricle observed using two-photon fluorescence microscopy","volume":"309","author":"Nance","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.70.113006.100455","article-title":"Calcium cycling and signaling in cardiac myocytes","volume":"70","author":"Bers","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-007-0428-7","article-title":"Role of sarco\/endoplasmic reticulum calcium content and calcium ATPase activity in the control of cell growth and proliferation","volume":"457","author":"Lipskaia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pflug. Arch. Eur. J. Phy."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.153.6.1301","article-title":"SERCA1 truncated proteins unable to pump calcium reduce the endoplasmic reticulum calcium concentration and induce apoptosis","volume":"153","author":"Chami","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(03)00405-4","article-title":"Identification of a new SERCA2 splice variant regulated during monocytic differentiation","volume":"303","author":"Gelebart","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24297","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M314286200","article-title":"Identification, expression, function, and localization of a novel (sixth) isoform of the human sarco\/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ATPase 3 gene","volume":"279","author":"Bobe","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3066","DOI":"10.2337\/db15-0761","article-title":"New Insights on the Role of SERCA During Vessel Remodeling in Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"64","author":"Davies","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2016.11.3206","article-title":"Importance of Altered Levels of SERCA, IP3R, and RyR in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell","volume":"112","author":"Johny","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C881","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00182.2012","article-title":"Involvement of TRPV2 and SOCE in calcium influx disorder in DMD primary human myotubes with a specific contribution of alpha1-syntrophin and PLC\/PKC in SOCE regulation","volume":"304","author":"Harisseh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11019","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201911019","article-title":"Blockade of IGF2R improves muscle regeneration and ameliorates Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"12","author":"Bella","year":"2020","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-002-0854-5","article-title":"Sarcoplasmic reticulum function in slow- and fast-twitch skeletal muscles from mdx mice","volume":"444","author":"Divet","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pflug. Arch. Eur. J. Phy."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(95)00180-8","article-title":"The sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium pump is functionally altered in dystrophic muscle","volume":"1290","author":"Kargacin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1159\/000362687","article-title":"Calcium signalling in pericytes","volume":"51","author":"Burdyga","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3100348","article-title":"Regulation of vasomotion of arterioles and capillaries in the cat spinal cord: Role of alpha actin and endothelin-1","volume":"35","author":"Toribatake","year":"1997","journal-title":"Spinal cord"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceca.2013.06.001","article-title":"How calcium signals in myocytes and pericytes are integrated across in situ microvascular networks and control microvascular tone","volume":"54","author":"Borysova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Calcium."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamilton, N.B., Attwell, D., and Hall, C.N. (2010). Pericyte-mediated regulation of capillary diameter: A component of neurovascular coupling in health and disease. Front. Neuroenerg., 2.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnene.2010.00005"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.15-279802","article-title":"Cathepsin D: An Mvarphi-derived factor mediating increased endothelial cell permeability with implications for alteration of the blood-retinal barrier in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"30","author":"Monickaraj","year":"2016","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2539","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201700781RR","article-title":"Cathepsin D plays a role in endothelial-pericyte interactions during alteration of the blood-retinal barrier in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"32","author":"Monickaraj","year":"2018","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216383","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/216383","article-title":"The association of soluble IGF2R and IGF2R gene polymorphism with type 2 diabetes","volume":"2015","author":"Chanprasertyothin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Res."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5700","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0553","article-title":"The insulin-like growth factor-II receptor gene is associated with type 1 diabetes: Evidence of a maternal effect","volume":"89","author":"McCann","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.02217","article-title":"The ACAA-insertion\/deletion polymorphism at the 3\u2032 UTR of the IGF-II receptor gene is associated with type 2 diabetes and surrogate markers of insulin resistance","volume":"155","author":"Villuendas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.02.016","article-title":"The Pericyte of the Pancreatic Islet Regulates Capillary Diameter and Local Blood Flow","volume":"27","author":"Almaca","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.11.020","article-title":"Cardiac apoptosis induced under high glucose condition involves activation of IGF2R signaling in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat hearts","volume":"97","author":"Feng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kasprzak, A., and Adamek, A. (2019). Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 (IGF2) Signaling in Colorectal Cancer-From Basic Research to Potential Clinical Applications. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20194915"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5341","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2017.116","article-title":"Stromal-derived IGF2 promotes colon cancer progression via paracrine and autocrine mechanisms","volume":"36","author":"Unger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-17-0336","article-title":"The IGF1R\/INSR Inhibitor BI 885578 Selectively Inhibits Growth of IGF2-Overexpressing Colorectal Cancer Tumors and Potentiates the Efficacy of Anti-VEGF Therapy","volume":"16","author":"Sanderson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5948","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612822666160713100235","article-title":"Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 - The Oncogene and its Accomplices","volume":"22","author":"Kessler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgp254","article-title":"Loss of imprinting of the insulin-like growth factor II (IGF2) gene in esophageal normal and adenocarcinoma tissues","volume":"30","author":"Zhao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-017-0197-7","article-title":"Impairment of IGF2 gene expression in prostate cancer is triggered by epigenetic dysregulation of IGF2-DMR0 and its interaction with KLF4","volume":"15","author":"Schagdarsurengin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Signal."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19990315)80:6<896::AID-IJC16>3.0.CO;2-J","article-title":"High-affinity antibodies from hen\u2019s-egg yolks against human mannose-6-phosphate\/insulin-like growth-factor-II receptor (M6P\/IGFII-R): Characterization and potential use in clinical cancer studies","volume":"80","author":"Lemamy","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005959218524","article-title":"The mannose 6-phosphate\/insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (M6P\/IGF2R), a putative breast tumor suppressor gene","volume":"47","author":"Oates","year":"1998","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18886","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M700531200","article-title":"A novel binding site for the human insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II)\/mannose 6-phosphate receptor on IGF-II","volume":"282","author":"Delaine","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Z., Ge, Y., Landman, N., and Kang, J.X. (2002). Decreased expression of the mannose 6-phosphate\/insulin-like growth factor-II receptor promotes growth of human breast cancer cells. BMC Cancer, 2.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-2-18"}],"container-title":["Cells"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/9\/2\/441\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T08:57:52Z","timestamp":1760173072000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/9\/2\/441"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,14]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}},"alternative-id":["cells9020441"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells9020441","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,14]]}}}