{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T22:14:56Z","timestamp":1790720096972,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,20]],"date-time":"2020-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18TPA34170382"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18TPA34170382"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005970","name":"Deutsche Stiftung f\u00fcr Herzforschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Pro Exzellenzia 4.0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Pro Exzellenzia 4.0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005970","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Desmin is the major protein component of the intermediate filaments (IFs) cytoskeleton in muscle cells, including cardiac. The accumulation of cleaved and misfolded desmin is a cellular hallmark of heart failure (HF). These desmin alterations are reversed by therapy, suggesting a causal role for the IFs in the development of HF. Though IFs are known to play a role in the protection from stress, a mechanistic model of how that occurs is currently lacking. On the other hand, the heart is uniquely suited to study the function of the IFs, due to its inherent, cyclic contraction. That is, HF can be used as a model to address how IFs afford protection from mechanical, and possibly redox, stress. In this review we provide a brief summary of the current views on the function of the IFs, focusing on desmin. We also propose a new model according to which the propensity of desmin to aggregate may have been selected during evolution as a way to dissipate excessive mechanical and possibly redox stress. According to this model, though desmin misfolding may afford protection from acute injury, the sustained or excessive accumulation of desmin aggregates could impair proteostasis and contribute to disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9020491","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,25]],"date-time":"2020-02-25T04:21:26Z","timestamp":1582604486000},"page":"491","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Is Desmin Propensity to Aggregate Part of its Protective Function?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Sonia","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg\/Kiel\/L\u00fcbeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hikmet","family":"Kadioglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research on Cardiac Intermediate Filaments, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishna","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research on Cardiac Intermediate Filaments, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8776-5820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucie","family":"Carrier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg\/Kiel\/L\u00fcbeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulio","family":"Agnetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research on Cardiac Intermediate Filaments, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"},{"name":"DIBINEM, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shevelyov, Y.Y., and Ulianov, S.V. 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