{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T21:30:59Z","timestamp":1791408659218,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]],"date-time":"2020-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002632","name":"Hallym University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HRF-202001-007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HRF-202001-007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002632","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Following status epilepticus (SE, a prolonged seizure activity), microglial activation, and monocyte infiltration result in the inflammatory responses in the brain that is involved in the epileptogenesis. Therefore, the regulation of microglia\/monocyte-mediated neuroinflammation is one of the therapeutic strategies for avoidance of secondary brain injury induced by SE. 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9-dien-28-oic acid methyl ester (CDDO-Me; RTA 402) is an activator of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which regulates intracellular redox homeostasis. In addition, CDDO-Me has anti-inflammatory properties that suppress microglial proliferation and its activation, although the underlying mechanisms have not been clarified. In the present study, CDDO-Me ameliorated monocyte infiltration without vasogenic edema formation in the frontoparietal cortex (FPC) following SE, accompanied by abrogating monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1)\/tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1) expressions and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) phosphorylation. Furthermore, CDDO-Me inhibited nuclear factor-\u03baB (NF\u03baB)-S276 phosphorylation and microglial transformation, independent of Nrf2 expression. Similar to CDDO-Me, SN50 (an NF\u03baB inhibitor) mitigated monocyte infiltration by reducing MCP-1 and p38 MAPK phosphorylation in the FPC following SE. Therefore, these findings suggest, for the first time, that CDDO-Me may attenuate microglia\/monocyte-mediated neuroinflammation via modulating NF\u03baB- and p38 MAPK-MCP-1 signaling pathways following SE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9051123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,5]],"date-time":"2020-05-05T06:41:20Z","timestamp":1588660880000},"page":"1123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["CDDO-Me Inhibits Microglial Activation and Monocyte Infiltration by Abrogating NF\u03baB- and p38 MAPK-Mediated Signaling Pathways Following Status Epilepticus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Ji-Eun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do 24252, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hana","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do 24252, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji-Eun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do 24252, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae-Cheon","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do 24252, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2615","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1400716","article-title":"Ontogeny and functions of central nervous system macrophages","volume":"193","author":"Katsumoto","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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